心理护理在围手术期的重要性

The Importance of Psychological Care during the Perioperative Period

摘要: 手术作为一种强烈的应激源，不仅对患者的生理功能构成挑战，更对其心理状态产生巨大冲击。长期以来，外科治疗的重点集中于手术技术和生理指标的调控，而患者的心理需求常被忽视。然而，随着医学模式向“生物–心理–社会”模式的转变，心理护理在围手术期的重要性日益凸显。本文旨在系统综述心理护理在手术前、中、后三个阶段的具体应用、作用机制及其对患者预后的深远影响。文章指出，科学、系统的心理干预能有效缓解患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪，增强治疗依从性，稳定术中生命体征，减少术后并发症，加速康复进程，并提升整体医疗满意度。心理护理已不再是医疗过程中的“锦上添花”，而是现代外科快速康复体系中不可或缺的核心组成部分。

Abstract: Surgery, as a strong stressor, not only poses challenges to the physiological functions of patients but also has a huge impact on their psychological state. For a long time, the focus of surgical treatment has been on surgical techniques and the regulation of physiological indicators, while the psychological needs of patients have often been overlooked. However, with the transformation of the medical model to the “bio-psycho-social” model, the importance of psychological care during the perioperative period has become increasingly prominent. This article aims to systematically review the specific application, mechanism of action and profound impact on the prognosis of patients in the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative stages of psychological care. The article points out that scientific and systematic psychological intervention can effectively alleviate patients’ anxiety and depression, enhance treatment compliance, stabilize intraoperative vital signs, reduce postoperative complications, accelerate the recovery process, and improve overall medical satisfaction. Psychological care is no longer an “icing on the cake” in the medical process, but an indispensable core component of the modern surgical rapid recovery system.