复杂工程问题解决能力达成策略：多元研究性挑战式教学

Strategies for Attaining the Competence of Solving Complex Engineering Problems: Based on Multi-Faceted Research-Oriented Challenging Teaching

摘要: 复杂工程问题解决能力是新工科、新质人才培养的核心，传统教学模式在学生复杂工程问题解决能力达成和高阶思维的培养方面存在不足。通过解析复杂工程问题的内涵，提取机械系统复杂工程问题的特征，提出了复杂度降解和解耦方法。在此基础上，分析学生解决复杂工程问题应具备的能力，基于建构主义的教育思想，构建了复杂工程问题解决需具备的能力、复杂工程问题特征与教学策略之间的对应关系，提出了多元研究性挑战式教学方法。该教学策略在华北电力大学机械设计课程实施的效果表明，可显著提升学生复杂工程问题的解决能力。

Abstract: The ability to solve complex engineering problems constitutes the core of cultivating new engineering and new-quality talents. Traditional teaching models fall short in achieving students’ ability to solve complex engineering problems and fostering their higher-order thinking. Through analyzing the connotation of complex engineering problems and extracting the characteristics of complex engineering problems in mechanical systems, a method of complexity degradation and decoupling was put forward. On this basis, the capabilities that students should have in solving complex engineering problems were analyzed. Based on the educational ideology of constructivism, the corresponding relationships among the capabilities necessary for solving complex engineering problems, the characteristics of complex engineering problems, and teaching strategies were established, and a multi-dimensional research-oriented and challenge-based teaching approach was proposed. The effect of this teaching strategy implemented in the mechanical design course at North China Electric Power University indicates that it can significantly enhance students’ ability to solve complex engineering problems.