近义、反义并列双音节短语词汇化研究——以“江湖”“奔跑”“尺寸”“上下”为例

Research on the Lexicalization of Synonymous and Antonymous Parallel Two-Syllable Phrases—Taking “jiang hu”, “ben pao”, “chi cun”, and “shang xia” as Examples

摘要: 现代汉语较古代汉语相比，最明显的特征就是词汇的双音节化，古代的单音节词到现代演变为单音节语素。我们将聚焦于近义语素、反义语素所构并列式双音节词的词汇化现象，以“江湖”“奔跑”“尺寸”“上下”为典型语料展开深入探讨。通过分析这些双音节词词汇化的过程、动因及机制，揭示其在汉语词汇发展中的独特规律，为汉语词汇史研究提供新的视角和理论支持。这些双音节词在经历词汇化过程时，会受到语义融合、语法化、语用频率等多种因素的制约与作用。其词汇化所达成的结果，为汉语词汇系统增添了丰富的内容，同时也清晰地反映出汉语词汇发展在动态变化与复杂结构方面的特征。

Abstract: Compared to ancient Chinese, the most prominent feature of modern Chinese is the tendency of words to become disyllabic in structure. The monosyllabic words of ancient Chinese have evolved into disyllabic morphemes in modern times. Our research will focus on the lexicalization of disyllabic words formed by the combination of synonymous or antonymous morphemes. We will use “jiang hu”, “ben pao”, “chi cun”, and “shang xia” as typical examples for in-depth analysis. By examining the processes, motivations, and mechanisms behind the lexicalization of these disyllabic words, we aim to uncover the unique patterns in the development of the Chinese vocabulary, providing new perspectives and theoretical support for the study of the history of Chinese vocabulary. During the process of lexicalization, these disyllabic words are influenced by various factors such as semantic integration, grammaticalization, and frequency of use in language. The results of their lexicalization have enriched the Chinese vocabulary system, while also clearly reflecting the dynamic changes and complex structures that characterize the development of the Chinese vocabulary.