副连兼类词“可是”的句法三域

Syntactic Three Domains of the Adverb-Conjunction “Keshi”

摘要: 本文基于句法制图的理论框架，结合语法化研究范式，考察现代汉语高频副连兼类词“可是”的历时演变、语法化内在机制及句法层级分布特征，锚定在“句法三域”。研究发现，“可是”的语法化过程呈现“三阶段”的连续统特征。最初以“可”、“是”两个独立词汇形式存在，经词汇化形成副词用法，再由高频使用的评注副词进一步词汇化为转折连词。历时维度上，“可是”体现出“由实趋虚”的语法化方向；共时维度上，其语法功能在句法制图中分别对应三个核心结构域：词汇层VP (行域)、屈折层TP (知域)与标句层CP (言域)。本文探究了“可是”的多种语法功能背后的句法投射机制，阐释了副连兼类词的语法化路径与句法层级之间存在同向对应关系。

Abstract: Based on the theoretical framework of syntactic cartography and grammaticalization, this paper explores the diachronic evolution, mechanism of grammaticalization, and syntactic hierarchical distribution in the three domains of adverb-conjunction “Keshi” in modern Chinese. The study finds that the grammaticalization process of “Keshi” presents “three stages” continuum. Initially, as two independent lexical forms of “Ke” and “Shi”, “Keshi” forms as an evaluative adverb and a transitive conjunction through lexicalization. From the diachronic dimension, “Keshi” reflects the grammaticalization unidirectionality. From the synchronic dimension, its grammatical functions respectively correspond to three core structural domains in the syntactic cartography: VP layer (action domain), TP layer (epistemic domain), and CP layer (speech-act domain). This paper further explains the mechanism behind the various grammatical functions, and co-directionality between the grammaticalization and the syntactic hierarchy.