慢性非特异性腰背痛的预防性康复治疗研究进展

Research Advances in Preventive Rehabilitation Treatment for Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain

摘要: 慢性腰背痛(Chronic low back pain, CLBP)是骨科与康复科的常见病之一，根据病因可分为慢性特异性腰背痛(Chronic specific low back pain, CSLBP)和慢性非特异性腰背痛(Chronic nonspecific low back pain, CNLBP)，其中CNLBP占CLBP的85%左右。初次发作的腰痛患者中，高达60%~80%会在一年内复发，不仅严重影响患者的生活质量，还会导致患者工作能力丧失，增加家庭和社会的经济负担。因此CNLBP的管理持续成为研究热点，涵盖预防、诊断和治疗。现代人对健康的追求不断提高，预防性康复治疗逐渐成为新兴热点，其手段通常是安全无创的，并能带来长期可持续的益处。本文从运动疗法、营养干预、睡眠优化以及充分应用可穿戴医疗设备方面对CNLBP的预防措施作一综述，以期为潜在腰痛患者的自我健康管理提供一定参考。

Abstract: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is one of the most common conditions in orthopedics and rehabilitation medicine. Based on etiology, it can be classified into chronic specific low back pain (CSLBP) and chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP). CNLBP accounts for approximately 85% of CLBP cases. Among patients experiencing their first episode of low back pain, as many as 60% to 80% will experience recurrence within one year. This not only severely impacts patients’ quality of life but also leads to loss of work capacity, increasing the economic burden on families and society. Therefore, the management of CNLBP continues to be a research hotspot, encompassing prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. With modern society’s increasing emphasis on health, preventive rehabilitation therapy has emerged as a new focus. These approaches are typically safe, non-invasive, and deliver long-term, sustainable benefits. This article reviews preventive measures for CNLBP through exercise therapy, nutritional intervention, sleep optimization, and the comprehensive use of wearable medical devices, aiming to provide guidance for potential low back pain patients in self-health management.