水文缆道信号传输系统设计及应用

Design and Application of Signal Transmission System for Hydrological Cableways

摘要: 针对水文缆道水下信号传输稳定性差、抗干扰能力弱等问题，本文提出了一种基于二进制频移键控(2FSK)调制解调的水文缆道水体回路通信系统。通过对比分析有线传输、无线电波传输及“无线”传输方式的优劣，结合水体信道衰减大、噪声强的特点，采用2FSK调制技术实现数字信号的高效传输。系统硬件以STM32控制板为核心，结合AD5700调制解调芯片与OTL功率放大电路，构建铅鱼通信模块与地面通信模块；软件通过累加计数、快速傅里叶变换(FFT)及非相干解调算法优化信号处理流程。实验结果表明，该系统在多个距离下均能稳定传输信号，验证了2FSK调制解调在复杂水文环境中的可行性与可靠性，为水文缆道数据传输提供了高效低成本的解决方案。

Abstract: To address issues such as poor stability and weak anti-interference capability in underwater signal transmission for hydrological cableways, this paper proposes a water-column loopback communication system based on binary frequency shift keying (2FSK) modulation and demodulation. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of wired transmission, radio wave transmission, and “wireless” methods—while considering the characteristics of high attenuation and strong noise in water channels—the system employs 2FSK modulation technology to achieve efficient digital signal transmission. The hardware design centers around an STM32 control board, integrated with an AD5700 modem chip and an OTL power amplifier circuit to construct both submerged probe (lead fish) communication modules and ground station modules. Software optimization includes cumulative counting, fast Fourier transform (FFT), and non-coherent demodulation algorithms for streamlined signal processing. Experimental results demonstrate stable signal transmission across multiple distances, validating the feasibility and reliability of 2FSK in complex hydrological environments. This solution offers an efficient, low-cost approach for data transmission in hydrological cableway systems.