高等教育管理的演进、困境与对策——基于“应用型”到“综合型”大学转型升级的视角

The Evolution, Dilemma, and Countermeasures of Higher Education Management—Based on the Perspective of Transformation and Upgrading from “Applied” to “Comprehensive” Universities

摘要: 科技创新推动产业结构转型升级，促进高等教育全面步入转型升级时期。针对高等院校多年所面临的各种问题与现状：办学理念、治理结构、人才培养模式和学术生态等存在诸多问题，文章基于以“应用型”为主向“综合型”发展过程中各个时期的转变过程及转型期内的内部逻辑关系展开论述，并具体从管理理念滞后、学科布局失调、资源固化配置、协同机制虚化等方面展开讨论，最后结合建设多元协同治理、创新学科集群资源统筹模式以及设计“深度融合、全程互动”协同育人生态系统这三个方面，探讨解决对策。

Abstract: Scientific and technological innovation promotes the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure, and promotes the comprehensive transformation and upgrading of higher education. In view of the various problems and current situation faced by colleges and universities for many years, there are many problems in the school-running concept, governance structure, talent training mode, and academic ecology. Therefore, based on the discussion of the transformation process of each period in the development process from “application-oriented” to “comprehensive” and the internal logical relationship in the transition period, this paper discusses the lag of management concept, the imbalance of discipline layout, the solidification and allocation of resources, and the virtualization of collaborative mechanism. Finally, it discusses the countermeasures from three aspects: the construction of multiple collaborative governance, the innovation of discipline cluster resource coordination mode, and the design of a “deep integration and full interaction” collaborative education ecosystem.