表生环境纳米矿物学：从成因机理到找矿应用
Nanomineralogy in Supergene Environments: Fundamentals and Applications
DOI: 10.12677/ag.2025.1512152, PDF,   
作者: 苏 悦：桂林理工大学地球科学学院，广西 桂林
关键词: 纳米微粒；风化地质环境；Nanoparticles； Weathering Geological Environment
摘要: 纳米微粒因其独特的物理化学性质，在地球表面系统的元素迁移、环境净化和资源富集过程中扮演着关键角色。本文系统综述了表生环境(风化地质环境)中纳米微粒的研究进展，重点探讨了其定义、分类、成因机制，并详述了透射电镜(TEM)、场流分离(FFF)等关键表征与分离技术。文章深入分析了纳米微粒的表面效应、尺寸效应等特殊性质，及其对重金属和稀土元素强烈的吸附行为，揭示了纳米微粒在控制元素地球化学循环中的核心作用。最后，本文前瞻性地探讨了纳米矿物学在指示成矿过程和寻找隐伏矿床方面的巨大潜力，评述了其作为深部矿体示踪剂的研究现状与应用前景，并对未来研究方向进行了展望。
Abstract: Due to their unique physicochemical properties, nanoparticles play a pivotal role in element migration, environmental remediation, and resource enrichment within the Earth’s surface system. This paper provides a systematic review of research progress on nanoparticles in supergene (weathering geological) environments, focusing on their definition, classification, and formation mechanisms. It details key characterization and separation techniques such as Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Field-Flow Fractionation (FFF). The article provides an in-depth analysis of the special properties of nanoparticles, including surface and size effects, and their strong adsorption behavior towards heavy metals and rare earth elements, highlighting their central role in controlling geochemical cycles. Finally, it prospectively discusses the significant potential of nanomineralogy in indicating mineralization processes and exploring concealed deposits, reviews the current research and application prospects of nanoparticles as tracers for deep-seated ore bodies, and outlines future research directions.
文章引用：苏悦. 表生环境纳米矿物学：从成因机理到找矿应用[J]. 地球科学前沿, 2025, 15(12): 1637-1645. https://doi.org/10.12677/ag.2025.1512152

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