管壳式船用甲醇燃料换热器强化传热研究

Research on Enhanced Heat Transfer of Shell-and-Tube Marine Methanol Fuel Heat Exchangers

摘要: 甲醇燃料换热器作为燃料供应系统中的关键设备，其传热性能直接影响燃料的预热效率、系统稳定性及整体效能。本文以一款船用管壳式甲醇燃料换热器为研究对象，重点研究了换热管内置扰流片对传热性能与流动特性的影响机制，旨在探索一条有效的被动式强化传热技术路径。通过数值模拟方法，分别对有无内置扰流片两种结构进行数值模拟，获得了换热器的整体温度场和速度场及传热情况。对比研究表明：插入扰流片可显著破坏管壁附近的热边界层，诱导强烈的二次流与涡旋结构，增强流体的径向混合，从而有效提升传热系数；内置扰流片能够显著改善进口段的流动和传热性能，使低温核心区范围缩小，温度分布更加均匀，整体换热强度显著提高。

Abstract: As a key piece of equipment in the fuel supply system, the heat transfer performance of the methanol fuel heat exchanger directly affects the preheating efficiency of the fuel, the stability of the system and the overall performance. This paper takes a marine shell-and-tube methanol fuel heat exchanger as the research object, focusing on studying the influence mechanism of the built-in turbulence plates in the heat exchange tubes on heat transfer performance and flow characteristics, aiming to explore an effective passive heat transfer enhancement technology path. Through numerical simulation methods, numerical simulations were conducted on two structures with and without built-in spoilers respectively, and the overall temperature field, velocity field and heat transfer conditions of the heat exchanger were obtained. Comparative studies show that the insertion of turbulence plates can significantly disrupt the thermal boundary layer near the tube wall, induce a strong secondary flow and vortex structure, enhance the radial mixing of the fluid, and thereby effectively increase the heat transfer coefficient. The built-in spoiler can significantly improve the flow and heat transfer performance at the inlet section, reduce the range of the low-temperature core zone, make the temperature distribution more uniform, and significantly enhance the overall heat exchange intensity.