职业教育“产教融合”政策的区域差异与优化建议——基于江西省与广东省的比较分析

Regional Differences and Optimization Suggestions of the “Industry-Education Integration” Policy in Vocational Education—A Comparative Analysis of Jiangxi Province and Guangdong Province

摘要: 在国家深化产教融合的政策背景下，职业教育与产业适配性不足的区域差异问题亟待破解。本文以江西省与广东省为研究对象，基于交易成本理论与协同发展理论，通过政策文本分析、校企合作案例比较及产业数据挖掘，系统解构两地产教融合政策的执行差异及其深层成因。研究发现：(1) 江西省受制于产业结构传统化与资源约束，存在专业布局失衡、校企合作浅层化问题；(2) 广东省虽依托产业集群优势探索创新模式，却面临跨区域协同不足、企业参与功利化等挑战；(3) 区域差异源于产业结构层级、财政支持力度及社会认知文化的三重作用机制。据此提出分区域优化路径：江西省需构建“本地化”产教融合生态，强化专业动态调整与市域联合体建设；广东省应聚焦“跨区域协同”，完善产业集群分类施策机制与粤港澳资格互认体系。研究为破除“一刀切”政策惯性、推动职业教育精准适配区域经济高质量发展提供理论依据与实践参考。

Abstract: Under the national policy background of deepening the integration of industry and education, the regional differences in the mismatch between vocational education and industry are urgent problems to be solved. This paper takes Jiangxi Province and Guangdong Province as the research objects. Based on the transaction cost theory and the coordinated development theory, and through policy text analysis, comparative analysis of school-enterprise cooperation cases, and mining of industrial data, it systematically dissects the implementation differences of the integration of industry and education policies and their deep-seated causes in the two regions. The research finds that: (1) Jiangxi Province, constrained by the traditional industrial structure and resource constraints, has problems of unbalanced professional layout and superficial school-enterprise cooperation; (2) Guangdong Province, although relying on the advantages of industrial clusters to explore innovative models, faces challenges such as insufficient cross-regional coordination and the utilitarian participation of enterprises; (3) Regional differences originate from the threefold mechanism of industrial structure hierarchy, financial support intensity, and social cognitive culture. Accordingly, regional optimization paths are proposed: Jiangxi Province needs to build a “local” integration of industry and education ecosystem, and strengthen the dynamic adjustment of majors and the construction of municipal consortiums; Guangdong Province should focus on “cross-regional coordination,” and improve the mechanism of classified policies for industrial clusters and the qualification recognition system of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The research provides theoretical basis and practical references for breaking the “one-size-fits-all” policy inertia and promoting the precise matching of vocational education with regional economic high-quality development.