电商平台安全保障义务的责任边界与体系建构研究

Research on the Responsibility Boundaries and System Construction of E-Commerce Platforms’ Security Assurance Obligations

摘要: 《电子商务法》第38条第2款为电商平台事实创立了安全保障义务这一法律责任，但由于法律条文简略模糊，导致理论界和实务界对该条款的运用和理解产生分歧。本文从法理基础出发，构建“义务内容–责任边界”二元分析框架，分析电商平台在交易安全、商品质量、消费者权益保护、纠纷处理等方面的安全保障义务。指出其责任边界需兼顾平台控制力、成本效益及消费者权益保护，避免过度加重平台负担。通过构建事前预防、事中控制、事后救济的多维体系，明确平台在资质审核、信息保护、风险评估、应急响应等环节的具体责任。同时，结合司法实践与典型案例，探讨责任边界模糊引发的争议及解决路径，旨在为电商平台安全保障义务的合理界定与体系优化提供理论支持与实践指导，促进电商行业健康可持续发展。

Abstract: The second paragraph of Article 38 in the E-commerce Law has factually established the legal responsibility of security assurance obligations for e-commerce platforms. However, due to the brevity and ambiguity of the legal provisions, divergences have arisen in the application and interpretation of this clause among theorists and practitioners. Starting from the jurisprudential foundation, this paper constructs a dual analytical framework of “obligatory content-responsibility boundaries” to analyze the security assurance obligations of e-commerce platforms in areas such as transaction security, product quality, consumer rights protection, and dispute resolution. It points out that the responsibility boundaries should take into account the platform’s control capacity, cost-effectiveness, and consumer rights protection, to avoid excessively burdening the platforms. By constructing a multidimensional system encompassing pre-event prevention, in-event control, and post-event relief, the specific responsibilities of platforms in aspects such as qualification verification, information protection, risk assessment, and emergency response are clarified. Meanwhile, drawing on judicial practices and typical cases, this paper explores the disputes arising from ambiguous responsibility boundaries and proposes solutions, aiming to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the reasonable definition and system optimization of security assurance obligations of e-commerce platforms, thereby promoting the healthy and sustainable development of the e-commerce industry.