《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》在电子商务时代的解释力与调适性研究

The Interpretative Force and Adaptive Capacity of the CISG in the E-Commerce Era

摘要: 《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》作为国际货物销售领域的基石性法律文件，其诞生背景远早于全球电子商务的兴起，却持续适用于跨境电子商务交易。本文在形式自由与送达主义框架内，论证CISG因其内在的合同法中立原则而对电子合同有效性所具备的强大解释力。在此基础上，论文剖析CISG在数字时代面临的深层挑战，即其核心范畴“货物”概念在数字产品领域的边界争议、对B2C消费者合同的结构性排除所引发的法律适用碎片化，以及具体电子通信规则供给不足导致的解释不确定性。通过比较分析美国、德国等法域的最新司法实践，并引入《国际合同使用电子通信公约》作为功能性补充工具，最终论证CISG的现代化路径无须诉诸可能破坏其统一性的文本修订，而应结合不同学说理论，借由司法能动主义对其一般原则进行目的性解释，并与外部公约形成功能互补，从而协同构建一个能够适应技术快速迭代、兼具稳定、统一与可预期性的全球数字贸易法律生态。

Abstract: Although conceived in a pre-digital era, the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the Inter-national Sale of Goods (CISG) continues to serve as the governing law for a vast number of cross-border e-commerce transactions. This article posits that the CISG’s foundational principles, notably the freedom of form and the receipt rule for contract formation, provide a robust framework for validating electronic contracts. It then delves into the profound challenges the CISG encounters in the digital age: the contentious delineation of “goods” to encompass digital products, the structural exclusion of B2C consumer contracts which leads to legal fragmentation, and the lack of specific rules for electronic communications fostering interpretive ambiguity. Through a comparative analysis of recent jurisprudence from the United States, Germany, and Singapore, and by integrating the UNCITRAL Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts as a functional complement, this study contends that the CISG does not require textual amendment. Instead, its continued relevance can be secured through judicial activism that engages in an evolutionary interpretation of its general principles, coupled with strategic synergy with external conventions, thereby forging a stable, uniform, and predictable legal ecosystem for global digital trade.