从“数字劳工”到劳动正义：平台骑手权益保障的何以可能与实现路径

From “Digital Labor” to Labor Justice: The Possibility and Realization Path of Protecting the Rights of Platform Riders

摘要: 数字经济的发展浪潮催生了平台用工这一新型劳动形态，以外卖骑手为代表的“数字劳工”群体已成为城市运转不可或缺的力量。然而，在算法技术与资本逻辑的双重作用下，这一群体普遍面临着算法管理的“精密控制”、劳动关系的“去实体化”、身份认同的“价值弱化”的三重现实困境，使其成为劳动领域中的新兴弱势群体。本文立足于马克思主义劳动观与社会主义公正原则，在理论层面剖析平台骑手作为“数字劳工”的权益困境本质。进而，提出在国家政策的顶层设计、社会治理的行业规范、舆论宣传的监督引导、现代技术的科学赋能等四个方面来筑牢平台骑手权益保障的现实基础，来论证实现劳动正义、保障骑手权益的现实可能性，从而助力数字经济的行稳发展。

Abstract: The development of the digital economy has given rise to a new form of labor, platform-based employment, with food delivery riders as a representative of the “digital labor” group, becoming an indispensable force in urban operations. However, under the dual influence of algorithmic technology and capital logic, this group is generally confronted with three real predicaments: “precise control” by algorithmic management, “de-materialization” of labor relations, and “value weakening” of identity recognition, making them a new vulnerable group in the labor field. This paper, based on the Marxist view of labor and the principle of socialist justice, analyzes the essence of the rights predicament of platform riders as “digital labor” at the theoretical level. Furthermore, it proposes to consolidate the practical foundation for safeguarding the rights of platform riders from four aspects: top-level design of national policies, industry norms of social governance, supervisory guidance of public opinion propaganda, and scientific empowerment of modern technology, to demonstrate the practical possibility of achieving labor justice and protecting the rights of riders, thereby contributing to the stable development of the digital economy.