家庭环境与青少年焦虑的关系——基于中国样本的三水平元分析

The Relationship between Family Environment and Adolescent Anxiety—A Three-Level Meta-Analysis Based on Chinese Samples

摘要: 摘要：本研究通过三水平元分析方法，系统地量化了家庭环境与青少年焦虑之间的关系。研究基于37篇文献(包含51项独立研究和447个效应量，共22,321名中国青少年被试)的数据，探讨了家庭环境的十个维度(亲密度、情感表达、矛盾性、独立性、成功性、知识性、娱乐性、道德宗教性、组织性、控制性)对青少年焦虑的影响。此外，研究还检验了性别、年级和焦虑类型(社交焦虑、学习焦虑、一般性焦虑)在上述关系中的调节作用。研究结果显示：家庭环境中的亲密度、情感表达、独立性、知识性、娱乐性和组织性与青少年焦虑呈显著负相关；矛盾性和控制性与焦虑呈显著正相关；而成功性和道德宗教性维度与焦虑无显著关联。调节分析发现，性别、年级和焦虑类型是显著的调节变量，对家庭环境与青少年焦虑之间关系的强度乃至方向均有影响。研究结论认为，家庭环境是影响个体焦虑的重要保护性因素，并强调了其影响的复杂性和多维度性。青少年心理健康是当前社会关注的热点，家庭环境作为其核心影响因素，相关研究具有较高的现实意义和应用价值。

Abstract: This study employed a three-level meta-analysis to systematically quantify the relationship between family environment and adolescent anxiety. Based on data from 37 articles (comprising 51 independent studies and 447 effect sizes, with a total of 22,321 Chinese adolescent participants), the study examined the effects of ten dimensions of family environment (cohesion, emotional expression, conflict, independence, achievement orientation, intellectual-cultural orientation, active-recreational orientation, moral-religious emphasis, organization, and control) on adolescent anxiety. Additionally, the study investigated the moderating roles of gender, grade level, and anxiety type (social anxiety, learning anxiety, general anxiety) in these relationships. The results indicated that cohesion, emotional expression, independence, intellectual-cultural orientation, active-recreational orientation, and organization were significantly negatively correlated with adolescent anxiety, whereas conflict and control were significantly positively correlated with anxiety. In contrast, the achievement orientation and moral-religious emphasis dimensions showed no significant association with anxiety. Moderator analyses revealed that gender, grade level, and anxiety type were significant moderators, influencing both the strength and direction of the relationships between family environment and adolescent anxiety. The study concludes that family environment serves as an important protective factor influencing individual anxiety, while also highlighting the complexity and multidimensionality of its effects. Adolescent mental health is a topic of significant contemporary societal concern, and research on family environment as a core influencing factor holds substantial practical significance and application value.