花山武舞文化的体育人类学考察

A Sports Anthropological Study of Huashan Martial Dance Culture

摘要: 作为一项地域性民间民族体育，花山武舞呈现出与本土民间信仰仪式密切联系。运用文献资料、参与观察、口述记录等方法，对花山岩画所演化而来的花山壮拳、壮族师公舞仪式展开考察；研究认为，花山岩画、花山壮拳、壮族师公舞构成花山武舞的主要形态，其仪式进行与人们的精神诉求相关联，不同仪式代表着不同的蕴意，展现出舞武互融的形态，形成武舞之间的特殊存在方式，并具体彰显于花山武舞道德习俗与技术习俗过程之中，在本土民族认同、文化发展起到了积极的作用；当前，花山武舞传承保护面临外在肢体语言与内在精神价值逐渐分离的困境，官方主导的传承与民间自发传承之间尚未形成良性互动，而非简单的对立关系。基于此，本文建议构建兼顾整体性与内外统一性的传承治理体系，通过多元主体协同机制平衡各方力量，实现花山武舞文化的活态传承与可持续发展。

Abstract: As a regional folk ethnic sport, Huashan Martial Dance is closely linked to local folk religious rituals. Using methods such as literature review, participant observation, and oral records, this study investigates Huashan Zhuang Fist and Zhuang Shigong Dance rituals, which evolved from Huashan rock paintings. It is argued that Huashan rock paintings, Huashan Zhuang Fist, and Zhuang Shigong Dance form the main forms of Huashan Martial Dance. The conduct of these rituals is associated with people’s spiritual needs, with different rituals representing different meanings. This reflects the integration of folk religious dance and martial arts, forming a unique existence between shamanistic and martial dance, which is manifested specifically in the moral and technical customs of Huashan Martial Dance. It plays a positive role in local ethnic identity and cultural development. Currently, the inheritance and protection of Huashan martial dance also show a trend of separation between external physical language and internal spiritual value. Interventionist transmission led mainly by official institutions has somewhat hindered its development. Based on this, this article suggests constructing a heritage governance system that takes into account both overall integrity and internal and external unity, balancing the strengths of all parties through a multi-stakeholder collaborative mechanism, and achieving the living heritage and sustainable development of Huashan martial arts culture.