乙型肝炎病毒感染与父婴传播的研究进展
Research Progress of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Transmission from Father to Infant
DOI: 10.12677/jcpm.2026.51021, PDF,   
作者: 杨澳逸, 蒲 军*：重庆医科大学附属第一医院泌尿外科，重庆
关键词: 乙型肝炎病毒；HBV父婴传播；机制；Hepatitis B Virus； HBV Transmission from Father to Infant； Mechanism
摘要: 乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus, HBV)感染仍然是全世界的重大健康问题。它可以导致不同程度的肝损伤，并与肝硬化和肝细胞癌的发生发展密切相关。越来越多的研究表明由于男性HBV患者精液、精子中HBV的存在，使得HBV父婴传播的存在不仅成为可能，还可能通过父婴传播影响下一代的HBV感染，影响子代健康。目前，关于HBV感染与父婴传播的研究也取得了一定的进展。由于HBV父婴传播是一个有趣的话题，并且在控制HBV传播方面具有全球重要性，因此，本文现对HBV父婴传播存在的证据、可能机制以及防治措施进行综述，以期为阻遏HBV父婴传播提供新思路。
Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major health problem worldwide. It can lead to different degrees of liver damage, and is closely related to the occurrence and development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. More and more studies have shown that the existence of HBV in the semen and sperm of male patients with HBV makes the existence of HBV paternal transmission not only possible, but also may affect the infection of HBV in the next generation and affect the health of the offspring. At present, the research on HBV infection and paternal transmission has also made some progress. Since paternal transmission of HBV is an interesting topic and of global importance in the control of HBV transmission, this article reviews the evidence, possible mechanisms, and prevention and treatment measures of paternal transmission of HBV, in order to provide new ideas for preventing paternal transmission of HBV.
文章引用：杨澳逸, 蒲军. 乙型肝炎病毒感染与父婴传播的研究进展[J]. 临床个性化医学, 2026, 5(1): 136-141. https://doi.org/10.12677/jcpm.2026.51021

参考文献

[1] Wong, G.L. (2024) Updated Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Chronic Hepatitis B—World Health Organization 2024 Compared with China 2022 HBV Guidelines. Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 31, 13-22. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[2] Vo‐Quang, E. and Lemoine, M. (2024) Global Elimination of HBV: Is It Really Achievable? Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 31, 4-12. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[3] Hadchouel, M., Scotto, J., Huret, J.L., Molinie, C., Villa, E., Degos, F., et al. (1985) Presence of HBV DNA in Spermatozoa: A Possible Vertical Transmission of HBV via the Germ Line. Journal of Medical Virology, 16, 61-66. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[4] 赵连三, 刘晓松, 张智翔, 等. 乙型肝炎病毒感染经精子传播的可能性研究[J]. 中华传染病杂志, 1998(3): 26-29.
[5] Seeger, C. and Mason, W.S. (2000) Hepatitis B Virus Biology. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 64, 51-68. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[6] Akinyemiju, T., Abera, S., Ahmed, M., Alam, N., Alemayohu, M.A., et al. (2017) The Burden of Primary Liver Cancer and Underlying Etiologies from 1990 to 2015 at the Global, Regional, and National Level: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Journal of the American Medical Association Oncology, 3, 1683-1691.
[7] Bertuccio, P., Turati, F., Carioli, G., Rodriguez, T., La Vecchia, C., Malvezzi, M., et al. (2017) Global Trends and Predictions in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Mortality. Journal of Hepatology, 67, 302-309. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[8] Blumberg, B.S., Sutnick, A.I., London, W.T. and Melartin, L. (1972) Sex Distribution of Australia Antigen. Archives of Internal Medicine, 130, 227-231. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[9] Wang, S., Chen, P. and Yeh, S. (2015) Gender Disparity in Chronic Hepatitis B: Mechanisms of Sex Hormones. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 30, 1237-1245. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[10] Buettner, N. and Thimme, R. (2019) Sexual Dimorphism in Hepatitis B and C and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Seminars in Immunopathology, 41, 203-211. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[11] Yip, T.C., Chan, H.L., Wong, V.W., Tse, Y., Lam, K.L. and Wong, G.L. (2017) Impact of Age and Gender on Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroclearance. Journal of Hepatology, 67, 902-908. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[12] Ruggieri, A., Gagliardi, M.C. and Anticoli, S. (2018) Sex-Dependent Outcome of Hepatitis B and C Viruses Infections: Synergy of Sex Hormones and Immune Responses? Frontiers in Immunology, 9, Article ID: 2302. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[13] Liu, J., Chen, T. and Zhao, Y. (2021) Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus: Propositions and Future Directions. Chinese Medical Journal, 134, 2825-2831. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[14] Tsai, K., Kuo, C. and Ou, J.J. (2018) Mechanisms of Hepatitis B Virus Persistence. Trends in Microbiology, 26, 33-42. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[15] Blumberg, B.S. (1977) Australia Antigen and the Biology of Hepatitis B. Science, 197, 17-25. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[16] 黄建民, 黄天华, 陈晓虹, 等. 乙型肝炎病毒DNA在肝炎患者精子染色体上的整合[J]. 中华医学遗传学杂志, 1999(4): 70-71.
[17] Huang, J.M., Huang, T.H., Qiu, H.Y., Fang, X.W., Zhuang, T.G. and Qiu, J.W. (2002) Studies on the Integration of Hepatitis B Virus DNA Sequence in Human Sperm Chromosomes. Asian Journal of Andrology, 4, 209-212.
[18] Wang, S., Peng, G., Li, M., Xiao, H., Jiang, P., Zeng, N., et al. (2003) Identification of Hepatitis B Virus Vertical Transmission from Father to Fetus by Direct Sequencing. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 34, 106-113.
[19] 王珊珊, 李文玲, 彭桂福, 等. 父婴传播的乙型肝炎病毒S基因进行树分析[J]. 中华医学杂志, 2003(6): 15-18.
[20] Tajiri, H., Tanaka, Y., Kagimoto, S., Murakami, J., Tokuhara, D. and Mizokami, M. (2007) Molecular Evidence of Father‐to‐Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus. Journal of Medical Virology, 79, 922-926. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[21] Ali, B., Huang, T. and Xie, Q. (2005) Detection and Expression of Hepatitis B Virus X Gene in One and Two‐Cell Embryos from Golden Hamster Oocytes in Vitro Fertilized with Human Spermatozoa Carrying HBV DNA. Molecular Reproduction and Development, 70, 30-36. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[22] Ahmed, M.M.M., Huang, T. and Xie, Q. (2008) An Improved Experimental Model for Studying Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus via Human Spermatozoa. Journal of Virological Methods, 151, 116-120. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[23] 张荣莲, 王梅颖, 陈起燕, 等. HBV感染者精液HBV-DNA载量对子代垂直传播的影响[J]. 中华流行病学杂志, 2014, 35(2): 117-120.
[24] Huang, J., Huang, T.H., Qiu, H.Y., Fang, X.W., Zhuang, T.G., Liu, H.X., et al. (2003) Effects of Hepatitis B Virus Infection on Human Sperm Chromosomes. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 9, 736-740. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[25] 傅洋. 乙型肝炎病毒HBx蛋白对人精子功能及胚胎发育影响的研究[D]: [博士学位论文]. 广州: 广州医科大学, 2018.
[26] 姜丹丹. 父亲血清HBV-DNA水平与父婴垂直传播的相关性[J]. 世界最新医学信息文摘, 2019, 19(46): 9-11.
[27] 徐婕, 方军, 靳镭, 等. 去唾液酸糖蛋白受体在乙型肝炎病毒感染者精子中表达的初步研究[J]. 生殖医学杂志, 2012, 21(1): 8-11.
[28] 刘世伟, 靳镭, 方军, 等. 乙肝病毒父婴垂直传播分子机制的初步研究[J]. 中国妇幼保健, 2013, 28(36): 6007-6010.
[29] Wu, B., Sheng, Y., Yu, W., Ruan, L., Geng, H., Xu, C., et al. (2024) Differential Methylation Patterns in Paternally Imprinted Gene Promoter Regions in Sperm from Hepatitis B Virus Infected Individuals. BMC Molecular and Cell Biology, 25, Article No. 19. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[30] 杨静, 吴晓曼. 父亲血清中HBV-DNA载量与HBV父婴垂直传播的相关性分析[J]. 中国热带医学, 2017, 17(4): 421-423.
[31] 温子娜, 崔淑艳, 段礼, 等. 乙肝病毒携带者不育男性精液质量分析[J]. 中华男科学杂志, 2020, 26(1): 59-62.
[32] Han, T., Huang, J., Li, L., Liao, X., Meng, X., Wen, Z., et al. (2024) Integration of Hepatitis B Virus into Patients’ Sperm Genome and Its Clinical Risks. Andrology, 12, 1787-1798. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[33] Han, T., Huang, J., Gu, J., Xie, Q., Zhong, Y. and Huang, T. (2021) Hepatitis B Virus Surface Protein Induces Sperm Dysfunction through the Activation of a Bcl2/Bax Signaling Cascade Triggering AIF/Endo G-Mediated Apoptosis. Andrology, 9, 944-955. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[34] Cao, L., Li, Y., Wang, S., Liu, Z., Sun, S., Xu, D., et al. (2015) Effect of Hepatitis B Vaccination in Hepatitis B Surface Antibody-Negative Pregnant Mothers on the Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus from Father to Infant. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 10, 279-284. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[35] Mak, J.S.M. and Lao, T.T. (2020) Assisted Reproduction in Hepatitis Carrier Couples. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 68, 103-108. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[36] 王明月. 感染性疾病对辅助生殖技术临床结局的影响和安全性分析[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 武汉: 华中科技大学, 2019.
[37] Liu, X., Chen, C., Jiang, D., Yan, D., Zhou, Y., Ding, C., et al. (2022) Psychological Stress; Knowledge, Attitude and Practice and Acceptance of Antiviral Therapy in Pregnant Women with Hepatitis B in Zhejiang, China: A Case Comparison Study. BMJ Open, 12, e055642. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]