变电站消防安全现状评估与数值模拟分析研究

Research on Current Status Assessment and Numerical Simulation Analysis of Fire Safety in Substations

摘要: 本研究基于对多个变电站的实地调研与火灾安全现状分析，系统梳理了不同类型变电站在消防设计与运行维护方面的共性问题，并结合规范要求开展了统计比对与隐患评估。结果表明，事故油池及卵石层铺设不规范是当前最突出的隐患问题(出现频次15次)，其次为火灾报警系统故障未能及时处理(出现频次12次)。基于上述调研结果，为验证典型高风险情形下的火灾演化特征，研究选取变压器起火的最不利工况作为典型场景，采用FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator)建立数值模型开展模拟分析。结果显示，在11.57 MW火灾规模下，火源温度最高超过520℃，低层阀厅区域烟气温度约为30℃，大堂上层烟气温度约为47℃。模拟揭示了变电站火灾中显著的温度与烟气分层特征，并反映出火灾发展过程中的空间差异性，为进一步优化变电站火灾风险评估与消防防控设计提供了科学依据。

Abstract: Based on on-site investigations and analysis of the current fire safety situation at multiple substations, this study systematically sorted out the common problems in fire protection design, operation and maintenance of different types of substations, and conducted statistical comparisons and hidden hazard assessments in combination with specification requirements. The results show that the non-standard layout of accident oil pools and pebble layers is the most prominent hidden hazard at present (occurring 15 times), followed by the failure to timely handle faults in the fire alarm system (occurring 12 times). Based on the above research results, to verify the fire evolution characteristics under typical high-risk scenarios, this study selected the most unfavorable working condition of transformer fire as a typical scenario, and established a numerical model using FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) for simulation analysis. The results indicate that under a fire scale of 11.57 MW, the maximum temperature of the fire source exceeds 520˚C, the flue gas temperature in the lower valve hall area is approximately 30˚C, and the flue gas temperature in the upper part of the main hall is about 47˚C. The simulation reveals the significant temperature and flue gas stratification characteristics in substation fires, as well as the spatial differences during the fire development process. This provides a scientific basis for further optimizing substation fire risk assessment and fire protection and prevention design.