基于改进蜣螂算法PID策略控制塑料激光焊接熔深

Penetration Depth Control in Plastic Laser Welding Based on an Improved Dung Beetle Optimizer PID Strategy

摘要: 针对塑料激光焊接熔深系统强滞后性和非线性的问题，本文引入Smith预估器和PID控制器进行控制，采用改进的蜣螂算法对PID参数进行迭代寻优。改进的地方包括两个方面：首先，针对种群初始化的多样性不足，采用Chebyshev混沌映射来初始化种群质量；其次，对于迭代后期出现容易陷入局部最优从而停滞搜索的这种情况，提出柯西变异与高斯变异，将变异后的个体与当代最差个体作对比，淘汰较差的那个。实验结果表明：相较于传统方法，基于改进蜣螂算法的Smith-PID控制器在塑料激光焊接熔深控制中表现出更快的响应与更强的鲁棒性。

Abstract: To address the issues of strong hysteresis and nonlinearity in the plastic laser welding penetration depth system, a Smith predictor and PID controller are introduced for control in this paper, and an improved Dung Beetle Optimizer (IDBO) is employed to iteratively optimize the PID parameters. The improvements mainly focus on two aspects: First, to enhance the diversity of population initialization, the Chebyshev chaotic mapping is adopted to initialize the population. Second, to mitigate the tendency of falling into local optima and search stagnation during the later iterations, a hybrid strategy combining Cauchy mutation and Gaussian mutation is proposed. The mutated individuals are compared with the worst individual in the current generation, and the inferior one is eliminated. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to traditional methods, the Smith-PID controller based on the improved dung beetle optimizer exhibits faster response and stronger robustness in controlling the penetration depth of plastic laser welding.