俄汉语中时间的空间隐喻分析——以上下前后为例

Analysis of Spatial Metaphors for Temporal in Russian and Chinese—Taking Up/Down and Front/Back as Examples

摘要: 本文探讨了俄语和汉语中时间空间隐喻的共同点和差异，选取了俄汉语在时间空间隐喻上具有代表性的词，如：“上下前后”。首先介绍了时间空间隐喻的概念及其在语言中的重要性，然后比较了俄、汉语中时间空间隐喻的语言表达和文化内涵。在语言表达方面，俄语强调时间的线性和向前发展趋势，常使用空间方位词来表达时间关系；汉语则强调事件的先后关系和周期性，常使用方位词表达时间顺序。在文化内涵方面，俄语中的时间空间隐喻与宗教和历史等文化背景联系密切，而汉语更多与自然、哲学等文化传统相关。最后，总结了这些共同点和差异对跨文化交流和理解的影响，以及为语言研究和教学提供的启示。

Abstract: This study explores the similarities and differences in temporal-spatial metaphors between Russian and Chinese, and selects representative words in time and space metaphors between Russian and Chinese, such as “up and down, front and back”. Firstly, this paper introduces the concept of temporal-spatial metaphors and their significance in language, then compares their linguistic expressions and cultural connotations in Russian and Chinese. In terms of language expression, Russian emphasizes the linearity and forward development trend of time, and often uses spatial location words to express the temporal relationship; Chinese emphasizes the sequence and periodicity of events, and often uses location words to express the chronological sequence. In terms of cultural connotation, the metaphor of time and space in Russian is closely related to cultural backgrounds such as religion and history, while in Chinese it is more related to cultural traditions such as nature and philosophy. Finally, it summarizes the impact of these similarities and differences on cross-cultural communication and understanding, as well as the implications for language research and teaching.