基于社会生态系统模型的社区嵌入式养老服务发展策略研究

Development Strategies for Community-Embedded Elderly Care Services: A Social-Ecological System Perspective

摘要: 社区嵌入式养老服务作为满足老年群体“原居安养”需求的重要模式，对我国养老事业的可持续发展具有重要意义。文章基于社会生态系统模型，运用文献梳理与统计资料分析，系统揭示社区嵌入式养老服务在实践中面临的多重挑战，社区嵌入式养老服务面临多重挑战，包括社会支持网络薄弱、基层医养资源与复合型人才短缺、社区服务设施功能有限，以及政策体系碎片化与跨部门协同不畅。针对这些问题，可采取多层次优化策略：通过培养积极养老理念与强化公共教育，提升社区内生性照护能力；健全复合型人才培养与激励体系，增强专业服务供给；完善社区服务设施与模式，提高社区支撑力；同时在制度层面优化法律法规、建设多元筹资体系，并推动社会多元主体参与。通过上述措施，构建可持续发展的社区嵌入式养老服务体系，实现服务的长期稳定运行，为健康老龄化提供实践参考。

Abstract: Community-based embedded eldercare is a crucial model for meeting the “aging in place” needs of the elderly and supporting the sustainable development of China’s eldercare system. Based on the social-ecological system model, this study reviews literature and analyzes statistical data to identify key challenges, including weak social support networks, shortages of primary healthcare resources and multi-skilled professionals, limited community service facilities, and fragmented policy frameworks with poor cross-departmental coordination. To address these challenges, multi-level strategies are proposed: promoting positive aging concepts and public education to enhance community care giving capacity; strengthening the training and incentive systems for multi-skilled professionals; improving community service facilities and models; and optimizing laws, financing mechanisms, and multi-actor participation at the institutional level. These measures aim to build a sustainable community eldercare system, ensure long-term service stability, and provide practical guidance for healthy aging.