融合InVEST碳汇的步道多点网络路径规划：生态约束与视觉优化协同

Multi-Point Network Path Planning for Trails Integrating InVEST Carbon Sinks: Synergy between Ecological Constraints and Visual Optimization

摘要: 为解决传统登山健身步道规划中生态保护维度缺失、单一路径规划效率低及未兼顾安全–生态–景观协同的问题，实现步道建设对自然生态系统的最小化干扰，同时满足步道使用需求，本研究以植被生态保护与地形耦合为核心开展路径规划。研究构建“安全–生态–景观”三维选线评价体系并采用多方法协同。地形坡度方面，将坡度大于50 (不符合国标)设为硬约束，符合国标的坡度标准化；安全因子层面，结合历史滑坡样本，用XGBoost模型量化滑坡风险，以贝叶斯优化超参数，通过SHAP值确定权重；生态因子层面，基于InVEST-Carbon模块核算碳储量损失，修正不同土地利用碳密度计算损失栅格面；通过熵权法确定指标权重，采用多起点–多中途点–多终点网络化最小成本路径规划，以景观因子VM结合帕累托非劣解综合筛选路径。本研究提出的网络化规划模式与多因子耦合方法，可有效平衡生态保护，维持碳汇功能、安全保障与景观体验，解决传统规划缺陷，为登山健身步道低干扰路径带规划提供科学支撑。

Abstract: To address the lack of ecological conservation considerations, inefficient single-path planning, and the failure to integrate safety, ecology, and landscape in traditional mountain fitness trail design, this study focuses on path planning that minimizes disturbance to natural ecosystems while meeting trail usage demands. It centers on the coupling of vegetation ecology conservation and topography. A three-dimensional route evaluation system integrating safety, ecology, and landscape was established, employing a multi-method approach. Regarding terrain slope, gradients exceeding 50 degrees (non-compliant with national standards) were set as hard constraints, while compliant slopes were standardized. For safety factors, a XGBoost model quantifies landslide risk using 175 positive and 175 negative landslide samples, with Bayesian optimization for hyperparameters and SHAP values determining weights. For ecological factors, carbon stock loss was calculated using the InVEST-Carbon module, and loss grids were adjusted based on carbon density calculations for different land uses. Indicator weights were determined via the entropy weight method. Multi-origin-multi-intermediate-multi-destination networked minimum-cost path planning was employed, with paths comprehensively screened using the VM landscape factor combined with Pareto non-dominated solutions. The proposed networked planning model and multi-factor coupling method effectively balance ecological conservation, carbon sink functionality, safety assurance, and landscape experience. This approach addresses limitations of traditional planning and provides scientific support for designing low-impact pathway corridors for mountain fitness trails.