毒蛇咬伤的临床医学进展：现状与未来展望
Clinical Advances in Snakebite Medicine: Current Status and Future Prospects
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2026.161003, PDF,   
作者: 马争根：吉首大学医学院，湖南 吉首；朱建忠：湖南省张家界市人民医院急诊外科，湖南 张家界
关键词: 毒蛇咬伤；临床进展；抗蛇毒血清；诊断技术；支持治疗；并发症管理；Snakebite； Clinical Progress； Antivenom； Diagnostic Technology； Support Treatment； Complications Management
摘要: 毒蛇咬伤作为一种严重的公共卫生问题，在热带和亚热带地区尤为常见，发病率和致死率较高，给患者生命健康带来重大威胁。近年来，临床诊断技术不断提升，治疗手段也在不断创新，毒蛇咬伤的诊疗策略得到了显著改进。然而，临床上仍面临诊断困难、抗蛇毒血清的应用限制以及并发症处理较为复杂等挑战。本文系统回顾了毒蛇咬伤的流行病学特点和临床表现，重点分析了现有的诊断方法和最新的治疗进展，以及并发症的预防与处理策略。本文通过整合当前的研究进展，旨在为临床医生提供全面、科学的指导，推动毒蛇咬伤的规范化诊疗，提升患者的治疗效果和生存质量。
Abstract: Snakebite envenomation is a significant public health issue, particularly common in tropical and subtropical regions, with high morbidity and mortality rates, posing a major threat to patients’ health and lives. In recent years, advancements in clinical diagnostic techniques and continuous innovations in treatment methods have significantly improved the strategies for diagnosing and managing snakebites. However, challenges such as difficulties in diagnosis, limitations in the application of antivenom, and the complexity of complication management persist in clinical practice. This article systematically reviews the epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifestations of snakebite envenomation, with a focus on analyzing existing diagnostic methods and the latest therapeutic advances. Special attention is given to the development and clinical application of antivenom, optimized protocols for antivenom-supported therapy, and strategies for the prevention and management of complications. By integrating current research progress, this review aims to provide comprehensive and scientific guidance for clinicians, promote standardized diagnosis and treatment of snakebite envenomation, and enhance treatment outcomes and quality of life for patients.
文章引用：马争根, 朱建忠. 毒蛇咬伤的临床医学进展：现状与未来展望[J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(1): 14-23. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.161003

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