基于PTA量表法设计高中物理探究类实验评价量表——以“探究平抛运动的规律”为例

Design of an Evaluation Scale for Inquiry-Based Experiments in High Schools Physics Based on the PTA Scale Method—Taking “Exploring the Laws of Projectile Motion” as an Example

摘要: 物理实验教学是物理教学重要的组成部分，物理实验教学不仅可以帮助学生理解和掌握物理知识，还能促进学生的全面发展。在高中实验课中探究类实验有着举足轻重的作用，不仅能满足新课程标准强调的激发学生实验探究的兴趣，还能增强学生的创新意识。基于传统的纸笔测试和口头评价对学生的实验表现评价比较单一，本文旨在探讨PTA (Primary Trait Analysis，基本要素分析)量表法在高中物理探究类实验评价中的应用，以探究平抛运动的特点为例，设计了一套具体的评价量表。PTA量表法作为一种对学生作业，尤其是开放性作业的有效评价工具，能够全面、系统地评价学生在实验过程中的表现。通过确定评价要素、制定评分标准、划分表现水平等步骤，切实地将“教–学–评”融为一体，有助于教师优化教学流程，提高教学效率，并且在学生学习过程中对于物理核心素养的形成与落实发挥重要的作用。

Abstract: Physics experiment teaching constitutes a vital component of physics instruction. It not only facilitates students’ understanding and mastery of physical knowledge but also promotes their holistic development. Inquiry-based experiments hold a pivotal position in high school physics laboratory courses, as they not only fulfill the requirement of stimulating students’ interest in experimental inquiry emphasized by the new curriculum standards but also strengthen their sense of innovation. Traditional paper-and-pencil tests and oral evaluations provide a relatively simplistic approach to assessing students’ experimental performance. This paper intends to explore the application of the PTA (Primary Trait Analysis) Scale Method in evaluating inquiry-based physics experiments in high schools, using the exploration of the characteristics of projectile motion as an example to design a specific evaluation scale. As an effective assessment tool for student assignments, particularly open-ended ones, the PTA Scale Method enables a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of students’ performance during the experimental process. By identifying evaluation traits, formulating scoring criteria, and categorizing performance levels, this method effectively integrates “teaching, learning, and assessment”. It assists teachers in optimizing teaching procedures, enhancing teaching efficiency, and plays a significant role in the cultivation and implementation of students’ core physics competencies throughout their learning process.