从形式合规到实质保护：电子商务个人信息的治理转型

From Formal Compliance to Substantive Protection: The Governance Transformation of Personal Information in E-Commerce

摘要: 在“互联网+”时代，电子商务行业蓬勃发展，消费者个人信息成为关键数字资源，其在推动平台营销、优化服务的同时，保护问题也愈发凸显。当前我国电子商务个人信息保护虽已初步建立法律框架，但实践中仍停留在形式合规层面，存在立法衔接不足、监管滞后、救济困难等问题。本文通过分析电子商务个人信息的特征与侵害形式，结合域外经验，从立法完善、监管强化、救济优化三方面，探索实现从形式合规到实质保护的治理转型路径，以保障消费者权益，促进电商行业健康发展。

Abstract: In the era of “Internet Plus”, the e-commerce industry has experienced vigorous development, with consumers’ personal information emerging as a critical digital resource. While personal information drives platform marketing and optimizes services, the issue of its protection has become increasingly prominent. Although China has initially established a legal framework for the protection of personal information in e-commerce, practice still remains at the level of formal compliance, facing problems such as inadequate legislative connection, lagging supervision, and difficulties in remedy. By analyzing the characteristics and infringement forms of personal information in e-commerce, and drawing on overseas experience, this paper explores the path of governance transformation from formal compliance to substantive protection from three aspects: improving legislation, strengthening supervision, and optimizing remedies, so as to safeguard consumers’ rights and interests and promote the healthy development of the e-commerce industry.