论数字化生存的主体迷失与复归路径——基于马克思生存论视角

Digital Existence: Subject Alienation and Regression Paths—From the Perspective of Marx’s Existentialism

摘要: 马克思在存在论根基处发动的哲学革命，开启了由实体存在论向生存论的根本转向。在此视域下，“数字化生存”不仅是技术层面的跃迁，更是人之在世方式的深刻重构。然而，在数字资本与技术理性的合谋下，加之当代存在主义哲学的困境，生存主体的确证问题愈发迷惘，甚至陷入了普遍遮蔽。这种主体的迷失必然扭曲数字经济的价值航向，偏离其服务于人的自由全面发展的根本宗旨。为回应这一困境，本文重返马克思的生存论境域，通过厘清数字生存的存在论本质、祛蔽数字资本的异化逻辑、重构数字交往的生存论意义，澄明数字化生存中的生存主体，为数字经济重塑价值基础，引导其回归以人为本的发展路径。

Abstract: Marx’s philosophical revolution at the ontological level initiated a fundamental shift from substantial ontology to existentialism. From this perspective, “digital existence” is not merely a technological leap but a profound reconstruction of human beings’ way of being-in-the-world. However, under the collusion of digital capital and technological rationality, coupled with the predicament of contemporary existentialist philosophy, the confirmation of the existential subject has become increasingly perplexing and even universally obscured. This alienation of the subject inevitably distorts the value orientation of the digital economy, deviating from its fundamental purpose of serving human beings’ free and all-round development. To address this dilemma, this paper returns to Marx’s existentialist perspective, clarifies the ontological essence of digital existence, reveals the alienation logic of digital capital, and reconstructs the existential significance of digital communication. By doing so, it clarifies the existential subject in digital existence, reshapes the value foundation of the digital economy, and guides it back to a people-centered development path.