莱茵衣藻的生殖发育和遗传毒性研究

Research on Reproductive Development and Genotoxicity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

摘要: 莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)因生长迅速、成本低廉且富含蛋白质、不饱和脂肪酸和维生素等营养成分在食品、保健和生物技术领域具有良好的开发应用前景，但毒理学评价数据缺乏使其应用受到了严重限制。为评估其安全性破解应用桎梏，本研究系统开展了四项毒理学实验。细菌回复突变试验(Ames试验)显示，在8~5000 μg/皿剂量范围内，莱茵衣藻未引起测试菌株突变菌落数显著增加。哺乳动物微核试验结果表明，ICR小鼠经1.67~6.67 g/kg BW剂量灌胃后，骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率与阴性对照组无显著差异。小鼠精母细胞染色体畸变试验表明，各剂量组染色体异常细胞率未见显著升高。大鼠致畸试验结果证实，孕鼠在整个妊娠期饲喂掺入量高达10%的莱茵衣藻饲料，对其体重增长、生殖功能、胎鼠生长发育及各类型畸形率均未产生不良影响。综上所述，本研究实验结果表明莱茵衣藻未表现出遗传毒性、致突变性及生殖发育毒性，为其作为新食品资源的安全开发利用提供了科学依据。

Abstract: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CR) is a rapidly growing, nutrient-dense unicellular green alga rich in proteins, unsaturated fatty acids, and vitamins, with broad potential in food, healthcare, and biotechnology; however, data on reproductive and genetic safety remain limited. We conducted four standard toxicology studies to evaluate its safety: a bacterial reverse-mutation (Ames) test at 8 - 5000 μg/plate (±S9), a mammalian bone-marrow micronucleus assay in ICR mice orally gavaged at 1.67 - 6.67 g/kg body weight, a mouse spermatocyte chromosome-aberration assay, and a developmental toxicity/teratogenicity study in SD rats fed diets containing up to 10% CR throughout gestation. CR did not produce a biologically meaningful increase in revertant colonies in any tester strain; micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte frequencies in treated mice did not differ from negative controls; spermatocyte chromosomal-aberration rates were comparable between treated and control groups across doses; and no adverse effects were observed on maternal body-weight gain, reproductive indices, fetal growth and development, or the incidence of external, visceral, or skeletal malformations in rats. Under these experimental conditions, CR showed no genotoxicity, mutagenicity, or reproductive and developmental toxicity, providing a scientific basis for its safe use as a novel food or health-related ingredient and supporting its further development and regulatory evaluation.