玄武岩纤维增强固废基混凝土性能及海水环境适用性研究综述

A Review of Research on the Performance and Seawater Environmental Suitability of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Solid Waste-Based Concrete

摘要: 随着“双碳”战略的深入推进与基础设施向海洋、严寒等严酷环境的拓展，开发兼具高性能、高耐久性与绿色环保特征的新型建筑材料已成为土木工程领域的研究热点。本文综述了一种兼具环保与高性能潜力的复合材料——玄武岩纤维增强固废基混凝土。该材料利用工业固废粉煤灰(FA)部分替代水泥，煤矸石(CGS)替代天然骨料，并掺入玄武岩纤维(BF)以全面提升性能。文中系统分析了粉煤灰的火山灰效应与煤矸石的“微集料效应”及潜在活性对混凝土基体的影响；重点探讨了玄武岩纤维在提升混凝土的力学性能及耐久性能的独特优势；通过对比国内外研究现状，指出现有研究的不足，并对未来研究方向进行了展望，旨在为开发适用于严酷海洋环境的高性能绿色建筑材料提供理论参考。

Abstract: With the deepening implementation of the “dual carbon” strategy and the expansion of infrastructure into harsh environments such as oceans and extreme cold, developing new construction materials that combine high performance, high durability, and environmental friendliness has become a research hotspot in the field of civil engineering. This paper reviews a composite material that integrates both environmental protection and high performance potential—basalt fiber reinforced solid waste-based concrete. This material uses industrial solid waste fly ash (FA) to partially replace cement, coal gangue (CGS) to replace natural aggregates, and incorporates basalt fibers (BF) to comprehensively enhance performance. The paper systematically analyzes the effects of the pozzolanic reaction of fly ash and the “micro-aggregate effect” and potential activity of coal gangue on the concrete matrix; focuses on the unique advantages of basalt fibers in improving the mechanical properties and durability of concrete; and by comparing domestic and international research progress, identifies existing research gaps and outlines future research directions. The aim is to provide a theoretical reference for developing high-performance green construction materials suitable for harsh marine environments.