新高考背景下普通高中生涯教育的现状、问题及改进策略——基于福建省16所普通高中的调查研究

The Current Status, Challenges and Improvement Strategies of Career Education in Ordinary Senior High Schools under the New College Entrance Examination System—A Survey Study Based on 16 Ordinary Senior Secondary Schools in Fujian Province

摘要: 加强高中生涯教育有助于培养学生自主发展的素养，有助于学生适应新高考改革。通过对福建省16所普通高中学生的抽样调查和统计分析发现，当前高中开展的生涯教育活动总体状况良好，但也存在生涯教育内容雷同、方法相近、特色不鲜明，以及师资薄弱、机制体制有待健全、实际效度尚需提升等问题；性别差异、年级分布、选科偏好在生涯教育认知上有着显著性差异，而学校类型、性别、年级、专业对部分问题的选择也存在显著性影响。因此，扎实做好职前职后培训，强化生涯指导主体的队伍建设；立足高中生的发展需求，做好生涯指导供给；引入数字化技术，赋能学校生涯教育；健全生涯指导的制度性安排，提升生涯自主发展能力。

Abstract: Strengthening career education in senior secondary schools fosters students’ capacity for autonomous development and aids their adaptation to the new college entrance examination reforms. A sample survey and statistical analysis of students from 16 ordinary senior secondary schools in Fujian Province revealed that while current career education activities generally demonstrate sound implementation, issues persist. These include repetitive content, similar methodologies, lack of distinctive features, inadequate teaching resources, imperfect institutional mechanisms, and room for improvement in practical effectiveness. Significant differences in perceptions of career education were observed across gender, year group distribution, and subject selection preferences. Additionally, school type, gender, year group, and subject specialisation significantly influenced responses to certain questions. Consequently, robust pre-service and in-service training should be implemented to strengthen the career guidance workforce. Career guidance provision must be tailored to the developmental needs of senior secondary students. Digital technologies should be integrated to enhance school-based career education. Institutional arrangements for career guidance should be refined to elevate students’ capacity for autonomous career development.