互联网使用对老年人主观幸福感的影响机制研究——基于社会参与的中介模型与城乡异质性分析

The Impact Mechanism of Internet Use on Subjective Well-Being among Older Adults—Based on the Mediating Model of Social Participation and Rural-Urban Heterogeneity Analysis

摘要: 为探究数字时代互联网使用对老年人幸福感的影响及作用机制，本文基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS) 2023年数据，筛选3012份老年人样本，构建中介效应模型并结合异质性分析展开实证研究，分析互联网使用频率对老年人主观幸福感的影响，并重点考察了社会参与的中介作用及城乡异质性。研究表明：互联网使用频率对老年人主观幸福感具有显著正向促进作用；社会参与在二者间扮演关键的部分中介角色；该机制存在显著的群体与地域异质性，即互联网通过社会参与影响幸福感的中介路径在城镇老年群体中成立，但在农村群体中，社会参与的中介效应不显著，互联网主要发挥直接促进作用。研究结论为制定更适合老年人的政策、通过社会参与提升老年福祉提供了理论依据与政策启示。

Abstract: To investigate the impact of internet use on the well-being of older adults in the digital age and its underlying mechanism, this study utilizes data from the China General Social Survey (CGSS) 2023. Based on a sample of 3012 older adults, a mediating effect model was constructed and empirical research was conducted combined with heterogeneity analysis. The study analyzes the impact of internet use frequency on the subjective well-being of older adults, with a specific focus on the mediating role of social participation and urban-rural heterogeneity. The findings indicate that: Internet use frequency has a significant positive effect on the subjective well-being of older adults; Social participation plays a key partial mediating role between internet use and subjective well-being; This mechanism shows significant group and regional heterogeneity. Specifically, the mediating path through which internet use influences well-being via social participation holds for urban older adults, but for the rural group, the mediating effect of social participation is not significant, with the internet primarily exerting a direct promoting effect. The research conclusions provide a theoretical basis and policy implications for formulating more suitable policies for older adults and enhancing their well-being through social participation.