高原湖泊流域农田土壤微塑料–重金属复合污染：环境行为与风险管控

Composite Pollution of Microplastics and Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soils across a Plateau Lake Basin: Environmental Behavior and Risk Control

摘要: 高原湖泊流域农田土壤中的微塑料与重金属复合污染问题日益突出，但其环境行为与风险尚未得到系统认识。本研究聚焦高海拔生态脆弱区，重点探讨微塑料(MPs)与重金属(HMs)的复合污染特征及风险管控策略。MPs作为HMs的重要载体，通过农膜残留、有机肥施用、大气沉降及冰川融水等多种途径进入高原环境，加剧污染迁移。文章系统解析MPs-HMs的交互作用(包括吸附–解吸、紫外线降解效应)及其生态风险(微生物抑制、作物吸收)。针对传统评估方法的局限，引入机器学习模型与稳定同位素示踪等先进技术，提升了污染溯源与风险预测的准确性。在治理策略层面，提出源头防控(推广可降解地膜、有机肥优化)与修复技术(真菌–微藻联合修复、MPs捕获材料)相结合的综合管控途径，以期为高原湖泊流域农田土壤的可持续治理提供科学依据。

Abstract: The issue of combined pollution by microplastics (MPs) and heavy metals (HMs) in farmland soil within plateau lake basins has become increasingly prominent, yet its environmental behavior and risks remain poorly understood. This study focuses on high-altitude ecologically fragile areas, aiming to explore the characteristics and risk management strategies of combined pollution by MPs and HMs. MPs, as significant carriers of HMs, enter the plateau environment through various pathways such as residual agricultural films, organic fertilizer application, atmospheric deposition, and glacial meltwater, intensifying pollution migration. The article systematically analyzes the interactive effects of MPs and HMs (including adsorption-desorption and ultraviolet degradation effects) and their ecological risks (microbial inhibition, crop absorption). To address the limitations of traditional assessment methods, advanced technologies such as machine learning models and stable isotope tracing are introduced, enhancing the accuracy of pollution source tracing and risk prediction. At the governance strategy level, a comprehensive management approach combining source control (promoting degradable mulch films, optimizing organic fertilizers) and remediation techniques (combined fungal-algal remediation, MPs capture materials) is proposed, with the aim of providing a scientific basis for the sustainable management of farmland soil in plateau lake basins.