黄斑前膜的发病机制及影像学检查新进展

Pathogenesis and Recent Advances in Imaging Examination of Macular Epiretinal Membrane

摘要: 黄斑前膜是一种发生于玻璃体–黄斑交界区，因多重致病机制共同作用导致以纤维增殖膜为主要特征的眼底病变。该疾病的主要临床表现为视力下降、视物变形，进一步发展可能会引发视网膜脱离等严重并发症，极大降低患者视觉质量。目前黄斑前膜的发病机制尚未完全明确，多方研究表明发病过程涉及玻璃体后脱离、炎症及细胞转分化。随着医学技术的进一步发展，通过多模式影像学检查诊断并综合评估患者病情逐渐成为主流。本文针对黄斑前膜的发病机制及影像学检查作一综述总结。

Abstract: Macular epiretinal membrane (MEM) is a fundus disease characterized by fibroproliferative tissue at the vitreomacular interface, resulting from the combined action of multiple pathogenic mechanisms. The primary clinical manifestations include decreased visual acuity and metamorphopsia. Further progression may lead to severe complications such as retinal detachment, significantly impairing patients’ visual quality. The precise pathogenesis of MEM has not been fully elucidated, with various studies indicating the involvement of posterior vitreous detachment, inflammation, and cell transdifferentiation in the disease process. With the ongoing advancement of medical technology, diagnosing and comprehensively assessing patients through multimodal imaging examinations has become the mainstream approach. This review provides a summary of the pathogenesis and imaging examinations of macular epiretinal membrane.