数字赋能湘西生态农业：职业教育促进新型职业农民数字技能培育效能研究

Research on the Effectiveness of Vocational Education in Promoting Digital Skills Cultivation for New Professional Farmers in Digitally Empowered Ecological Agriculture in Xiangxi

摘要: 在乡村振兴与“数商兴农”战略背景下，数字技能成为推动生态农业发展的核心要素。本研究基于人力资本理论、成人学习理论和产教融合理论，构建职业教育促进新型职业农民数字技能培育的效能评估体系，通过对湘西地区326名新型职业农民的问卷调查和32名关键信息人的深度访谈，运用多元线性回归模型实证分析培育效能的影响因素。研究发现：湘西新型职业农民数字技能水平总体偏低但需求强烈，基础数字素养相对较好但农业专业技能不足；实践课程占比(β = 0.389)、后续技术支持(β = 0.234)和师资水平(β = 0.145)是影响培育效能的关键因素；数字基础设施薄弱、农民学习适应性差异和成果转化障碍是主要挑战。据此提出构建“四位一体”培育模式、建立长效技术支持体系、实施差异化培育策略等政策建议，为湘西乃至同类地区生态农业数字化转型提供理论参考与实践指导。

Abstract: Under the strategic background of rural revitalization and “Digital Commerce for Agriculture”, digital skills have become a core element driving the development of ecological agriculture. This study, based on human capital theory, andragogy, and the theory of industry-education integration, constructs an effectiveness evaluation system for vocational education in promoting the cultivation of digital skills for new professional farmers. Through a questionnaire survey of 326 new professional farmers and in-depth interviews with 32 key informants in the Xiangxi region, a multiple linear regression model is used to empirically analyze the influencing factors of cultivation effectiveness. The research finds that the overall digital skill level of new professional farmers in Xiangxi is low, yet their demand for training is strong. While their basic digital literacy is relatively good, their professional agricultural skills are insufficient. The proportion of practical courses (β = 0.389), subsequent technical support (β = 0.234), and the quality of teaching staff (β = 0.145) are identified as key factors affecting cultivation effectiveness. Major challenges include weak digital infrastructure, differences in farmers’ learning adaptability, and obstacles to the application of learned skills. Accordingly, this paper proposes policy recommendations such as constructing a “Four-in-One” cultivation model, establishing a long-term technical support system, and implementing differentiated cultivation strategies, aiming to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for the digital transformation of ecological agriculture in Xiangxi and similar regions.