人脸识别技术在公共安全领域中的治理框架研究

Research on the Governance Framework of Facial Recognition Technology in Public Security

摘要: 本文系统分析了人脸识别技术在公共安全领域的应用成效与治理挑战。以该技术在公安实战中的效能表现及引发的社会性、伦理性问题为切入点，提出了基于“技术–法律–治理”三维协同的共建信任治理框架。在技术维度上通过情境感知算法、公平性联邦学习等实现伦理嵌入；在法律维度通过构建算法影响评估与责任保险制度强化操作问责；在治理维度主要依托公民技术陪审团与反向透明度机制促进参与共治。该框架旨在实现从风险管控到信任生产的治理转型，推动形成技术可控、法律可依、社会可接受的良性应用生态。研究成果将为构建智能、高效、可信的公共安全人脸识别应用体系提供理论支撑与实践参考。

Abstract: This paper systematically analyzes the application effectiveness and governance challenges of facial recognition technology in public security. Taking the performance of this technology in police operations and the social and ethical issues it raises as a starting point, a co-construction trust governance framework based on the three-dimensional collaboration of “technology-law-governance” is proposed. In the technological dimension, ethical embedding is achieved through context-aware algorithms and fair federated learning; in the legal dimension, operational accountability is strengthened by constructing algorithm impact assessment and liability insurance systems; in the governance dimension, participatory co-governance is promoted mainly through citizen technology juries and reverse transparency mechanisms. This framework aims to achieve a governance transformation from risk control to trust production, promoting the formation of a benign application ecosystem that is technologically controllable, legally sound, and socially acceptable. The research results will provide theoretical support and practical reference for building an intelligent, efficient, and trustworthy public security facial recognition application system.