超声技术在脊柱外科中的应用进展与展望

Ultrasound Technology in Spinal Surgery: A Review of Advances and Prospects

摘要: 超声技术作为一种无辐射、实时且经济的成像工具，在脊柱外科领域的应用日益广泛，其在软组织分辨方面的显著优势使其在脊柱疾病的诊断、介入治疗和手术导航中扮演着重要角色。在诊断方面，超声可用于脊柱骨折的初步筛查、责任椎体定位及软组织损伤评估。在疼痛介入治疗中，超声引导下的神经根阻滞、小关节注射以及各类神经阻滞技术，实现了精准给药并有效避免了医患的辐射暴露。在手术导航领域，超声导航系统为椎弓根螺钉置入等复杂操作提供了实时三维引导，提升了手术的精确性与安全性。尽管该技术存在深部成像受限及操作者依赖性强等挑战，但未来通过与人工智能、增强现实等前沿技术的融合，超声技术在脊柱外科的应用潜力与价值将得到进一步拓展。

Abstract: As a non-radiative, real-time, and cost-effective imaging modality, ultrasound technology is being increasingly utilized in the field of spinal surgery. Its remarkable advantage in soft tissue resolution enables it to play a vital role in the diagnosis, interventional treatment, and surgical navigation of spinal disorders. In diagnostics, ultrasound can be employed for the initial screening of spinal fractures, localization of responsible vertebrae, and assessment of soft tissue injuries. For interventional pain management, techniques such as ultrasound-guided selective nerve root blocks, facet joint injections, and various nerve blocks facilitate precise drug delivery while effectively avoiding radiation exposure for both patients and medical staff. In the realm of surgical navigation, ultrasound navigation systems provide real-time 3D guidance for complex procedures like pedicle screw placement, enhancing surgical accuracy and safety. Although the technology faces challenges such as limited deep tissue imaging and strong operator dependence, its potential and value in spinal surgery are expected to be further expanded through future integration with advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and augmented reality.