硒在围产期疾病中的研究进展

Advances in Selenium Research on Perinatal Disorders

摘要: 硒作为人体必需的微量元素，其生理功能主要通过硒蛋白实现，在维持氧化还原平衡、免疫调节及神经内分泌稳定中发挥关键作用。围产期母体血硒水平呈现进行性下降，使其营养状态与多种围产期疾病密切相关。本综述系统阐述了硒在妊娠期高血压、妊娠期糖尿病、产后抑郁及早产等围产期疾病中的作用。研究表明，母体低硒状态是上述疾病的重要风险因素，其机制与硒蛋白抗氧化能力不足，导致胎盘氧化应激、胰岛素抵抗及神经炎症加剧有关。结论认为，维持围产期最佳硒水平对保障母婴健康至关重要。未来研究需致力于确立精准的硒营养窗口、深入探索分子机制并开展分层干预试验，以期将硒发展为围产期疾病预测与个体化营养干预的新靶点。

Abstract: Selenium, an essential trace element, exerts its physiological functions primarily through selenoproteins, playing a critical role in maintaining redox balance, immune regulation, and neuroendocrine stability. Maternal blood selenium levels progressively decline during the perinatal period, linking its nutritional status to various perinatal diseases. This review systematically elaborates on the role of selenium in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, postpartum depression, and preterm birth. Studies indicate that maternal selenium deficiency is a significant risk factor for these conditions, primarily mediated by insufficient antioxidant capacity of selenoproteins, leading to exacerbated placental oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and neuroinflammation. In conclusion, maintaining optimal selenium levels is crucial for maternal and infant health. Future research should focus on defining precise selenium nutritional windows, elucidating underlying molecular mechanisms, and conducting stratified intervention trials, aiming to establish selenium as a novel target for predicting and individually managing perinatal diseases.