短视频二次创作的知识产权困境与平衡路径构建

The Intellectual Property Dilemma and Path to Balance in Short Video Secondary Creation

摘要: 随着短视频产业的迅猛发展，基于现有作品进行的“二次创作”(以下简称“二创”)已成为网络平台内容生态的重要组成部分。然而，这种充满活力的创作形式面临着严峻的知识产权挑战。本文旨在系统剖析短视频“二创”所引发的知识产权问题。论文首先界定了短视频“二创”的核心概念与主要类型，并指出其“二次性”与“创作性”并存的特质是法律争议的根源。其次，深入探讨了短视频侵权的界定标准与复杂范围，指出其核心在于对“信息网络传播权”等专有权利的侵害及“合理使用”原则的适用边界的模糊性。进而，通过对“快手–《甄嬛传》案”的个案研讨，揭示了当前司法实践对于平台责任认定(如“应知”状态的判断)与不同类型“二创”作品侵权性质的精细化考量。最后，论文从平台治理、创作者责任、版权方策略以及法律与社会环境四个层面，构建了一个“多元共治”的良性数字创意内容生态发展路径，以寻求激励原创与滋养再创作之间的动态平衡。

Abstract: With the rapid development of the short video industry, “secondary creation” (hereinafter referred to as “re-creation”) based on existing works has become an important component of the content ecosystem on online platforms. However, this dynamic form of creation faces serious intellectual property challenges. This paper aims to systematically analyze the intellectual property issues arising from short video secondary creation. First, the paper defines the core concepts and main types of short video secondary creation, pointing out that the coexistence of its “secondary nature” and “creativity” is the root of legal disputes. Second, it delves into the criteria for defining infringement in short videos and the complexity of its scope, highlighting that the core issue lies in the infringement of exclusive rights such as the “right of communication through information networks” and the ambiguity in the application boundaries of the “fair use” doctrine. Furthermore, through a case study of the “Kuaishou-Empresses in the Palace” dispute, the paper reveals how current judicial practices refine the identification of platform responsibilities (such as the determination of “should-have-known” status) and the nature of infringement in different types of secondary creation works. Finally, the paper constructs a “multi-stakeholder governance” path for the development of a healthy digital creative content ecosystem from four perspectives: platform governance, creator responsibility, copyright owner strategies, and the legal and social environment, aiming to achieve a dynamic balance between incentivizing original creation and fostering re-creation.