泸溪县土家族“上梁”仪式及其变迁研究

A Study on the “Liang-Raising” Ritual and Its Transformation among the Tujia Ethnic Group in Luxi County

摘要: 本文以泸溪县土家族“上梁”仪式为研究对象，旨在探讨这一传统仪式的程序、功能及其现代变迁。通过田野调查与文献分析，本文系统界定并阐述了泸溪县土家族“上梁”仪式从“引子”到“晒梁”的七个基本环节，揭示了其中蕴含的文化象征与社会逻辑。研究表明，“上梁”仪式是维系土家族团结与社区凝聚的重要文化实践，同时发挥着教育传播与娱乐互动的社会功能。然而，在现代建筑技术普及与社会结构转型的双重冲击下，传统“上梁”仪式正经历着形式简化与功能转变的困境。据此，本文论证了对其进行保护与创新的必要性，并提出了具体的传承策略，以期为土家族非物质文化遗产的存续与发展提供学术参考。

Abstract: This paper focuses on the “Liang-raising” ritual of the Tujia ethnic group in Luxi County, aiming to explore the procedures, functions, and modern evolution of this traditional practice. Through field investigations and documentary analysis, the study systematically delineates and elaborates on the seven fundamental stages of the ritual of the Tujia ethnic group in Luxi County, ranging from the “prelude” to “sun-drying the beam”, thereby revealing the embedded cultural symbolism and social logic. The findings indicate that the “Liang-raising” ritual serves as a vital cultural practice for fostering unity and community cohesion among the Tujia people, while also fulfilling social functions such as educational dissemination and recreational interaction. However, under the dual impact of widespread modern construction techniques and shifts in social structures, the traditional “Liang-raising” ritual is undergoing a process of formal simplification and functional transformation. Based on these observations, this paper argues for the necessity of preserving and innovating the ritual, proposing specific strategies for its transmission. The study aims to provide academic insights for the safeguarding and development of the intangible cultural heritage of the Tujia ethnic group.