基于语料库的“价格”与“价钱”近义词辨析与偏误分析

Distinction and Error Analysis Research of Synonym “Price₁” and “Price₂” Based on Corpus

摘要: 近义词辨析是汉语作为第二语言教学当中，词汇教学部分的重难点。目前学界关于近义词以及近义词偏误及教学研究的成果颇丰，但主要集中在介词、副词、动词等较常出现偏误的词汇上，对名词偏误的研究较少。本研究主要通过对语料库的相关语料进行归纳与分析，对“价格”与“价钱”这一组近义词进行比较、总结其常见搭配和语义韵，并对留学生在使用这对近义词时产生的偏误进行分析研究。最终发现：二者的含义、常见搭配和语义韵均呈现出一定的差异；同时，留学生在使用这对近义词时容易产生与“价值”误代和等义替换的偏误。产生这些偏误的原因大致有母语负迁移的影响以及教学带来的影响。因此，本研究提出以下三点建议：第一，利用对译法帮助学生区分“价值”与“价格”、“价钱”的本质差别，并进设计强化练习；第二，利用语素释义法帮助学生理解“价格”与“价钱”的差异；第三，总结常用搭配，尤其是“价钱”的搭配，帮助学生形成语块式记忆。

Abstract: Synonym analysis is an important and difficult part of vocabulary teaching in teaching Chinese as a second language. At present, there are a lot of researches on synonyms and errors of synonym and teaching method. However, these researches mainly focus on prepositions, adverbs, verbs, and there are few researches on noun errors. In this study, we mainly summarize and analyze the corpus of “jiage” (price₁), “jiaqian” (price₂), and conduct a comparative analysis of these two words as well as an error analysis of international students’ use of this synonym. Finally, it is found that there are obvious differences between them in terms of semantics and collocations, and that international students are prone to make substitution errors in usage. The reasons for these errors can be attributed to the influence of negative native language transfer and the influence of teaching. Therefore, this study proposes the following two suggestions: first, to explain the essential differences between “jiazhi” (value) and “jiage” (price₁), “jiaqian” (price₂) by one to one translating; second, help students understand the semantic difference between price₁ and price₂ by splitting and interpreting morphemes; third, to summarize the common collocations of these words, especially the collocation of “jiaqian” (price₂) so that help students memorize it in chunk.