基于“思想–表达”二分法对人工智能生成内容独创性分析

An Analysis of the Originality of Artificial Intelligence-Generated Content (AIGC) Based on the “Idea-Expression” Dichotomy

摘要: 本文围绕人工智能生成内容(AIGC)在著作权法中的定位与独创性认定问题展开研究，旨在明确AIGC著作权保护的边界与判断标准。首先回顾著作权法核心规定，强调作品创作需以人的自由意志和智力活动为主导；继而引入“思想–表达”二分法，深入探讨提示词的法律属性及其“思想”与“表达”的界定边界；结合“抽象–过滤–表达”三分法分析框架，剖析AIGC著作权保护的短期激励效应与长期技术发展的平衡关系；提出以“提示词详细程度、用户修改迭代次数、结果选择编排程度”为核心的“人的主导性地位”判断因素，构建更为具体可操作的独创性认定标准；通过“主提示词–从提示词”分类体系，优化三分法的实践应用路径；最后结合国际立法与判例经验，为我国AIGC著作权制度完善提供参考。研究认为，提高AIGC著作权获得门槛，聚焦用户实质性智力贡献的审查，是兼顾创作激励与技术创新的合理路径。

Abstract: This paper focuses on the positioning and originality determination of Artificial Intelligence-Generated Content (AIGC) in copyright law, aiming to clarify the boundaries and judgment criteria for AIGC copyright protection. It first reviews the core provisions of copyright law, emphasizing that the creation of works must be dominated by human free will and intellectual activities. Then, it introduces the “idea-expression dichotomy” to conduct an in-depth discussion on the legal nature of prompts and the boundary between their “idea” and “expression”. Combined with the analytical framework of the “abstraction-filtration-comparison test”, it analyzes the balance between the short-term incentive effects of AIGC copyright protection and long-term technological development. The paper proposes specific and operable originality determination criteria centered on the judgment factors of “human dominant position”, including the detail level of prompts, the number of user modifications and iterations, and the degree of selection and arrangement of results. It optimizes the practical application path of the three-part test through the classification system of “primary prompt-secondary prompt”. Finally, it provides references for the improvement of China’s AIGC copyright system by referring to international legislative and judicial precedents. The study holds that raising the threshold for AIGC to obtain copyright and focusing on the review of users’ substantive intellectual contributions is a reasonable path to balance creative incentives and technological innovation.