居住权制度的问题审视与规则完善

Review of Issues and Improvement of Rules in the Right of Residence System

摘要: 由于居住权固有的人役性特征，加之立法者对立法成本与实际效用的综合考量，导致该权利最终未能被纳入我国《物权法》制度体系。然而，伴随社会老龄化进程加快，司法实践裁判标准不一及保障弱势群体的需要，我国《民法典》将居住权规定为新型用益物权。居住权的入典，不仅顺应了我国“住有所居”的时代需求，提供了稳定的物权性居住保障，更弥补了法律漏洞，完善我国物权体系。但需注意的是，我国《民法典》对居住权制度的规定仅有六项条文，内容较为原则，未能为居住权适用过程中遇到的难题提供完备的解决路径，留下法律空白，存在进一步细化完善的空间。

Abstract: Due to the inherent servitude characteristics of the right of residence, coupled with legislators’ comprehensive consideration of legislative costs and practical utility, this right was ultimately excluded from China’s Property Law system. However, amid accelerating population aging, inconsistent judicial adjudication standards, and the need to protect vulnerable groups, China’s Civil Code has established the right of residence as a new type of usufructuary property right. The codification of the right of residence not only responds to China’s contemporary demand for “housing for all,” providing stable property-based residential security, but also fills legal gaps and refines China’s property rights system. It should be noted, however, that the Civil Code contains only six articles on the right of residence, with relatively general provisions that fail to offer comprehensive solutions to challenges encountered in its application. This leaves legal vacuums and room for further refinement and improvement.