从miRNA到中性粒细胞外诱捕网：脓毒血症调节机制研究的最新进展

From miRNA to Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Recent Advances in the Regulatory Mechanisms of Sepsis

摘要: 中性粒细胞作为人体的第一道防线，他们被迅速动员到免疫反应的位置，是非特异性免疫的重要组成部分，中性粒细胞发挥功能主要通过三条途径：吞噬、脱颗粒、中性粒细胞外诱捕网(NETs)。NETs是2004年发现的一种巨大的细胞外网状结构。胞浆蛋白和颗粒蛋白构成NETs。脓毒血症时，大量NETs释放，抗感染的同时进一步放大炎症级联反应，导致组织受损加重，致使病情进一步加重。所以，熟悉NETs的生成及其抑制的分子机制对于开展治疗脓毒症的治疗方法至关重要，本文总结最新与NETs形成相关的microRNA (miRNA)列表，并根据其作用机制进行分类，并阐明其作用原理，据最新研究发现，miR-155、miR-1696、miR-7、miR-223、miR-146a、miR-142a-3p、miR-3146、miR-505、miR-4512、miR-15b-5p、miR-16-5p、miR-26b-5p、miR-125a-3p和miR-378a-3p通过不同机制调控脓毒症的NETs形成与释放，影响患者器官损害成都及存活率。

Abstract: Neutrophils, as the body’s first line of defense, are rapidly mobilized to sites of immune response and serve as a crucial component of nonspecific immunity. Neutrophils primarily exert their functions through three pathways: phagocytosis, degranulation, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs, discovered in 2004, are large extracellular web-like structures composed of cytoplasmic and granular proteins. During sepsis, massive NETs release helps combat infection but simultaneously amplifies the inflammatory cascade, leading to aggravated tissue damage and worsening of the condition. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms governing NET formation and inhibition is essential for developing sepsis treatments. This article summarizes the latest list of miRNAs associated with NET formation, categorizes them based on their mechanisms of action, and clarifies their functional principles. According to recent research, miR-155, miR-1696, miR-7, miR-223, miR-146a, miR-142a-3p, miR-3146, miR-505, miR-4512, miR-15b-5p, miR-16-5p, miR-26b-5p, miR-125a-3p, and miR-378a-3p regulate the formation and release of NETs in sepsis through various mechanisms, impacting the extent of organ damage and patient survival.