高海拔矿山运输方式研究和运输方案比选

Research on Transportation Methods and Comparison of Transportation Schemes for High-Altitude Mines

摘要: 针对新疆某高海拔、地形陡峻、气候恶劣的露天铁矿，论文对其矿石运输系统改扩建开展方案比选研究。在分析现有汽车–溜槽–汽车运输方式存在高差大、易堵塞、安全隐患突出等问题基础上，提出汽车公路、汽车 + 溜井、汽车 + 皮带机、汽车 + 斜坡箕斗四种可行运输方案。采用定性分析、比选矩阵与费用比较相结合的方法，从投资、运营费、安全性及适应性等多维度进行综合评估。结果表明，斜坡箕斗方案虽初始投资略高(3861万元)，但年运营费最低(451万元)，投资回收期仅2.4~3.8年；设定年产能和运输单价作为关键变量变化±10%、±20%情况下，斜坡箕斗方案节省的年运营费1.7~4.8年即可补偿回多出的建设投资，从经济上仍是最合理的方案，推荐该方案作为矿山改扩建首选运输方式。采用定性分析法、比选矩阵法和费用比较法相结合的方案比较方法可以将复杂的技术方案比选结果转化为直观的表格或柱状图，便于决策者比较和选择，克服了其他比选方法的局限性，比选结果更具说服力，更具科学合理性。

Abstract: Focusing on an open-pit iron mine in Xinjiang characterized by high altitude, steep terrain, and harsh climate, this paper carries out a comparative study on the expansion and reconstruction of its ore transportation system. After analyzing the problems of the existing truck-chute-truck transportation method, such as large elevation difference, easy clogging, and prominent safety hazards, four feasible transportation schemes are proposed: all-truck road, truck + ore pass, truck + belt conveyor, and truck + slope skip hoist. A comprehensive evaluation is conducted from multiple dimensions including investment, operating cost, safety, and adaptability by combining qualitative analysis, comparison matrix, and cost comparison methods. The results show that although the slope skip hoist scheme has a slightly higher initial investment (38.61 million yuan), it has the lowest annual operating cost (4.51 million yuan) and a payback period of only 2.4 to 3.8 years. When key variables such as annual production capacity and transportation unit price are varied by ±10% and ±20%, the additional construction investment of the slope skip hoist scheme can be recovered through the saved annual operating cost within 1.7 to 4.8 years. Economically, it remains the most reasonable scheme and is recommended as the preferred transportation method for the mine expansion and reconstruction. The scheme comparison method combining qualitative analysis, comparison matrix, and cost comparison can transform complex technical scheme comparison results into intuitive tables or bar charts, facilitating decision-makers’ comparison and selection, overcoming the limitations of other comparison methods, and making the comparison results more persuasive and scientifically reasonable.