数字赋能与治理变革：大数据驱动下重庆超大城市转型的机遇与挑战

Digital Empowerment and Governance Transformation: Opportunities and Challenges of Chongqing’s Megacity Transition Driven by Big Data

摘要: 本文聚焦于大数据技术驱动下的超大城市治理转型，以中国最具代表性的超大城市之一——重庆为研究对象。论文旨在系统分析数字重庆建设为这座拥有复杂地理与社会结构的超大城市带来的历史性机遇，以及在此过程中遭遇的深层次挑战。研究发现，大数据通过构建“一体建设、三级贯通”的数字化城市运行和治理体系，为重庆带来了治理模式从“碎片化”向“整体智治”变革、公共服务从“被动响应”向“主动精准”跃升、风险防控从“事后处置”向“事前预警”转型等核心机遇。然而，转型也面临着数据壁垒与“孤岛”现象仍存、数字鸿沟与包容性治理难题、复合型人才短缺与干部数字素养不足、以及体制机制与业务流程重塑滞后等多重挑战。本研究认为，重庆的探索不仅关乎自身发展，也为全球超大城市治理现代化提供了以“人民城市”理念为核心、以技术嵌入与制度创新双轮驱动的重要实践样本。未来，需在深化数据要素市场化配置、推动技术与制度协同进化、构建全民共享的数字包容生态等方面持续发力。

Abstract: This study focuses on the governance transformation of megacities driven by big data technology, taking Chongqing, one of China’s most representative megacities, as the research subject. The paper aims to systematically analyze the historic opportunities brought by the “Digital Chongqing” initiative for this megacity with its complex geographical and social structures, as well as the profound challenges encountered in the process. The research finds that big data, through constructing an integrated “unified development and three-level interconnection” digital urban operation and governance system, has provided Chongqing with core opportunities: a shift in governance mode from “fragmentation” to “holistic intelligent governance”, an elevation of public services from “passive response” to “proactive precision”, and a transformation in risk prevention and control from “post-event handling” to “pre-event warning”. However, the transformation also faces multiple challenges, including persistent data barriers and “silo” phenomena, the digital divide and inclusive governance dilemmas, a shortage of interdisciplinary talent and insufficient digital literacy among cadres, and lagging institutional restructuring and business process re-engineering. This study posits that Chongqing’s exploration is not only crucial for its own development but also provides an important practical sample for the modernization of global megacity governance. This approach centers on the “People’s City” concept and is driven by the dual wheels of technological embedding and institutional innovation. Moving forward, sustained efforts are needed in areas such as deepening the market-oriented allocation of data elements, promoting the co-evolution of technology and institutions, and building a digital inclusion ecosystem for universal benefit.