《资本论》“商品”章中的物象化批判及其当代价值

The Critique of Reification in the “Commodity” Chapter of “Das Kapital” and Its Contemporary Value

摘要: 马克思在《资本论》“商品”章中对商品二重性、价值形式及商品拜物教的分析，揭示了资本主义社会中物象化现象的本质及其产生根源。物象化的核心在于，劳动的社会性质被颠倒地表现为物的自然属性，人与人的社会关系被物与物的关系所遮蔽，从而导致人的本质异化。物象化批判阐明了商品价值形式的历史暂时性，批判了资产阶级经济学将商品、货币等范畴永恒化的错误认知，进而揭露了其背后所掩盖的剥削关系与社会矛盾。在数字经济时代，这一理论为辨析消费异化等新形态提供了批判范式，对于推动中国社会持续进步、实现人的自由全面发展具有重要意义。

Abstract: In the “Commodities” chapter of “Das Kapital”, Marx’s analysis of the duality of commodities, the forms of value, and the commodity fetishism reveals the essence and origin of the objectification phenomenon in capitalist society. The core of objectification lies in the inversion of the social nature of labor being manifested as the natural attributes of objects, and the social relationships between people being obscured by the relationships between objects, thereby leading to the alienation of human essence. The critique of objectification clarifies the historical temporality of commodity value forms, criticizes the erroneous cognition of bourgeois economics in eternalizing categories such as commodities and money, and further exposes the exploitative relations and social contradictions hidden behind it. In the era of digital economy, this theory provides a critical paradigm for analyzing new forms such as consumer alienation, and is of great significance for promoting the continuous progress of Chinese society and achieving the free and all-round development of human beings.