破“命”立“力”：墨子“非命”思想的实践哲学内核

Breaking the “Fate” and Establishing the “Power”: The Practical Philosophical Core of Mozi’s “Anti-Fatalism” Thought

摘要: 战国时期，墨子针对盛行的“天命”观念，提出影响深远的“非命”主张。这不仅是宿命论的批判，更蕴含深刻的实践哲学意涵。本文剖析墨子“非命”思想的批判靶标、立论根基、核心要义及其内在张力，揭示其以“强力从事”为核心，高扬人的主观能动性，将社会治乱、个人贫富归因于实践努力而非虚妄天命的哲学体系。墨子“非命”思想对激发个体奋斗精神、推动社会生产力发展具有积极意义，其强调实践效用的价值取向，堪称中国古代哲学中宝贵的经世智慧。

Abstract: During the Warring States period, Mozi proposed the far-reaching doctrine of “Anti-Fatalism” in response to the prevailing concept of “Mandate of Heaven.” This was not merely a critique of fatalism, but also contained profound implications of practical philosophy. This paper analyzes the critical targets, theoretical foundations, core tenets, and internal tensions of Mozi’s “Anti-Fatalism.” It reveals a philosophical system that centers on “diligent endeavor,” exalts human subjective initiative, and attributes social order/chaos and personal wealth/poverty to practical effort rather than illusory heavenly decrees. Mozi’s “Anti-Fatalism” holds positive significance for inspiring individual striving and promoting the development of social productive forces. Its value orientation emphasizing practical utility can be regarded as a precious pragmatic wisdom in ancient Chinese philosophy.