行政裁量基准逸脱适用的现实困境与破解路径——基于规范构造与过程控制的双维度分析

The Practical Dilemmas and Solutions in the Deviated Application of Administrative Discretion Benchmarks—A Dual-Dimensional Analysis Based on Normative Construction and Process Control

摘要: 行政裁量基准逸脱适用是实现个案正义的重要路径，但其在实践中面临规范构造缺陷、实施过程异化以及司法审查模糊等困境。本文从规范构造与过程控制的双维度出发，分析了逸脱适用的正当性基础与现实挑战。针对行政裁量基准逸脱适用的现实困境，提出构建“自我规制 + 外部监督”的二阶治理框架：在自我规制层面，通过科学化逸脱条款、精细化裁量技术优化基准内部构造；在外部过程层面，强化行政监督与司法审查的协同，明确审查标准并建立案例指导机制。以此平衡个案正义与法的安定性，推动行政裁量基准制度的法治化完善。

Abstract: The deviated application of administrative discretion benchmarks serves as an important pathway for achieving case-specific justice. However, it faces practical challenges, including defects in normative construction, alienation in implementation processes, and ambiguity in judicial review. This article, from the dual dimensions of normative construction and process control, analyzes the legitimacy basis and practical challenges of deviated application. To address these dilemmas, a two-tier governance framework of “self-regulation + external supervision” is proposed. At the self-regulation level, the internal structure of benchmarks can be optimized by scientifically formulating deviation clauses and refining discretion techniques. At the external process level, the synergy between administrative supervision and judicial review should be strengthened, with clear review standards and the establishment of a case guidance mechanism. This approach aims to balance case-specific justice and legal stability, promoting the legal refinement of the administrative discretion benchmark system.