不同品种生菜施用生物菌肥的生长与品质效应分析

Analysis on Growth and Quality Effects of Different Varieties of Lettuce Applying Biological Bacterial Fertilizer

摘要: 为减少化学肥料使用并提高生菜品质，本研究探讨了生物菌肥对不同品种生菜生长与品质的影响。研究选取五个常见生菜品种，在常规种植基础上增施生物菌肥，通过感官品尝、植株测量和营养成分分析进行综合评价。结果表明，5个生菜品种的口感综合表现存在明显差异，其中“北散生2号”的口感和外观认可度最高；施用菌肥能显著促进多数生菜的生长，提高单株重量，尤其使“北散生2号”产量实现翻倍；但对营养品质的影响因品种而异，部分品种的维生素C含量下降，而β-胡萝卜素和膳食纤维含量有所提升。综合来看，“北散生2号”和“射手101”对菌肥响应最佳，在产量和综合品质上表现突出。本研究说明生物菌肥可作为生菜绿色生产的有效手段，但其效果依赖品种特性，且生产中应当遵循“生物菌肥 + 减施化肥(氮肥)”的策略，同时在实际应用中应优选适配品种。

Abstract: In order to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and improve the quality of lettuce, this study discussed the effects of biological bacterial fertilizers on the growth and quality of different varieties of lettuce. In this study, five common lettuce varieties were selected, and biological bacterial fertilizer was added on the basis of conventional planting, and a comprehensive evaluation was made through sensory taste, plant measurement and nutrient composition analysis. The results showed that there were obvious differences in the overall taste performance of five lettuce varieties, among which “Beisansheng No.2” had the highest recognition of taste and appearance. The application of bacterial fertilizer can significantly promote the growth of most lettuce, increase the weight of each plant, and especially double the yield of “Beisansheng No.2”. However, the effect on nutritional quality varies from variety to variety. The content of vitamin C in some varieties decreases, while the content of β-carotene and dietary fiber increases. On the whole, “Beisansheng No.2” and “Shooter No.101” have the best response to bacterial fertilizer, and they are outstanding in yield and comprehensive quality. This study shows that biological bacterial fertilizer can be used as an effective means of green production of lettuce, but its effect depends on the characteristics of varieties, and the strategy of “biological bacterial fertilizer + reducing chemical fertilizer (nitrogen fertilizer)” should be followed in production, and suitable varieties should be optimized in practical application.