人工智能生成物保护路径探索

Exploration of the Protection Path for AI-Generated Works

摘要: 随着科技的进步，人工智能生成物(AIGC)在法律保护上面临诸多挑战，尤其是在著作权法框架下的可版权性问题。我国首例涉及生成式人工智能生成图片著作权侵权案件，既展现了人工智能生成物保护的必要性，也暴露了当前法律体系的不足。本文从法理基础与争议焦点出发，探讨人工智能生成物的独创性分析、保护的必要性以及作者身份与权属界定等核心问题，认为人工智能生成物有助于鼓励创新、促进文化传播和科技进步。通过比较美国版权局的实践、欧盟《人工智能法案》相关规定及其他代表性国家的司法判例与学说，为中国制度完善提供参考。提出有条件、有限定地承认“机器作者”身份的可能性，建议设立专门针对人工智能生成物的保护制度，明确权属关系，并补充登记制度、法律修改的实施细节与问题应对，同时探讨邻接权保护、反不正当竞争法保护等替代性方案的利弊，以期完善知识产权法律体系，推动人工智能技术的健康发展，保护创作者和投资者的合法权益。

Abstract: With the advancement of technology, AI-generated works (AIGC) are confronted with numerous challenges in terms of legal protection, particularly the issue of copyrightability within the framework of copyright law. The first case in China involving copyright infringement of images generated by generative artificial intelligence not only demonstrates the necessity of protecting AI-generated works but also exposes the deficiencies of the current legal system. Starting from the theoretical basis and controversial focus, this paper explores the core issues such as the originality analysis of AI-generated works, the necessity of protection, and the definition of author identity and ownership. It is held that AI-generated works are conducive to encouraging innovation, promoting cultural dissemination and technological progress. By comparing the practices of the U.S. Copyright Office, the relevant provisions of the EU’s Artificial Intelligence Act, and the judicial precedents and theories of other representative countries, it provides references for the improvement of China’s system. The paper proposes the possibility of conditionally and limitedly recognizing the identity of “machine authors”, and suggests establishing a special protection system for AI-generated works and clarifying the ownership relationship. It also supplements the implementation details and problem responses of the registration system and legal revisions, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of alternative protection schemes such as neighboring right protection and anti-unfair competition law protection, so as to improve the intellectual property legal system, promote the healthy development of AI technology, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of creators and investors.