国内外巡检机器人研究进展与未来综述

Review on Research Progress and Future of Inspection Robot at Home and Abroad

摘要: 巡检机器人作为工业4.0时代的重要技术载体，在智能制造转型中发挥着关键作用。本文通过系统梳理国内外巡检机器人的理论发展脉络，深入分析其技术演进规律与应用特征。研究表明，巡检机器人技术正从单一功能向多元智能系统演进，从独立作业向人机协作转变。文章基于传感器技术、自主导航、数据处理、系统集成等核心技术理论，对比分析国内外发展差异，识别技术挑战与发展瓶颈，预判未来发展趋势。当前巡检机器人在温室农业、电力设备、畜禽养殖、基础设施等领域展现出广阔应用前景，但在复杂环境适应性、长期自主运行、多技术系统集成等方面仍面临挑战。未来发展将围绕人工智能深度融合、新材料技术应用、跨领域协同创新等方向展开，为智能制造和智慧城市建设提供重要技术支撑。

Abstract: Inspection robots have emerged as pivotal technological platforms in the Industry 4.0 era, playing a crucial role in the transformation toward intelligent manufacturing. This study systematically examines the theoretical development trajectory of inspection robots both domestically and internationally, conducting an in-depth analysis of their technological evolution patterns and application characteristics. Research findings reveal that inspection robot technology is transitioning from single-function systems toward multi-dimensional intelligent platforms, while simultaneously shifting from independent operations to human-robot collaborative frameworks. Drawing upon core technological theories encompassing sensor technology, autonomous navigation, data processing, and system integration, this research conducts a comparative analysis of developmental disparities between domestic and international approaches. The study identifies prevailing technical challenges and developmental bottlenecks while forecasting future evolutionary trends. Contemporary inspection robots demonstrate substantial application potential across diverse sectors including greenhouse agriculture, electrical equipment maintenance, livestock farming, and infrastructure monitoring. However, significant challenges persist in areas such as complex environment adaptability, long-term autonomous operation capabilities, and multi-technology system integration. Future developments are anticipated to center around the deep integration of artificial intelligence technologies, advanced material applications, and cross-disciplinary collaborative innovation. These advancements position inspection robots as essential technological foundations for both intelligent manufacturing initiatives and smart city construction endeavors.