论弱者利益保护原则在国际私法中的适用

On the Application of the Principle of Protecting the Interests of the Weaker Party in Private International Law

摘要: 保护弱者是法律的应有之义，也是人类文明高度发展的体现，本文以弱者利益保护原则为核心，系统探讨了其在国际私法中的发展现状以及适用情形。首先，分析“弱者”的含义与特性，明确其在法律关系中需要特殊保护的原因；其次，阐述保护弱者利益的意义、方法与力度。本文进一步提出，应将弱者利益保护原则确立为国际私法的基本原则，以增强其规范性和适用性。同时，对当前司法实践中存在的不足进行反思，包括外国法查明、弱者利益保护范围过窄、评判标准模糊及在选法中频繁适用国内法等问题。本文认为，扩大保护范围、明确“有利于”标准是实现实质正义的关键。

Abstract: Protecting the weak is an inherent meaning of the law and a manifestation of the high development of human civilization. This article takes the principle of protecting the interests of the weak as the core and systematically explores its current development status and application scenarios in private international law. Firstly, it analyzes the meaning and characteristics of the “weak”, clarifying the reasons why they need special protection in legal relations. Secondly, it elaborates on the significance, methods, and intensity of protecting the interests of the weak. This article further proposes that the principle of protecting the interests of the weak should be established as a basic principle of private international law to enhance its normativity and applicability. At the same time, it reflects on the deficiencies existing in current judicial practice, including the difficulty in ascertaining foreign laws, the overly narrow scope of protection for the interests of the weak, the ambiguity of evaluation standards, and the frequent application of domestic laws in the choice of law. This article holds that expanding the scope of protection and clarifying the “beneficial to” standard are the keys to achieving substantive justice.